tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-102676802024-03-05T03:51:06.753-05:00Spain Road Ways. Two on the Loose. Dan with down travels anywhere.We were two people, heading out, an improvised road trip. This site is being revised for relevance to this new Covid-and-upheaval world. The itinerary remains: Madrid, Pamplona, Cuenca, La Mancha, Toledo, Salamanca, Avila, Trujillo, Seville, Cadiz (then British Gibraltar), Granada, Cordoba (photo), Madrid. 2. Barcelona, Roses, Figueres, Ripoll, Seu d'Urguell [Andorra; then France]. Roncesvalles, Jaca, Huesca, Graus, Barcelona.
Routine cites to history sources may be deleted.Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.comBlogger98125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-67283511335835627702014-01-09T18:25:00.002-05:002015-01-13T11:44:05.995-05:00Barcelona Cathedral. Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia. Count Ramon Borell.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Names of churches. Look them up.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL8FJwuU5TxzLS_xFfhlFRkCYF24JpGsCSGhYs5nPHx0BWCdmbksaw82Af1fIh9sczv33b2u_16SOhKBQHSWyDZk-qnC2jUmb1qeNDaWHIPVu5AHtJrHibY8U2lUFHPmZGGwT7jw/s1600/DSCN5674.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL8FJwuU5TxzLS_xFfhlFRkCYF24JpGsCSGhYs5nPHx0BWCdmbksaw82Af1fIh9sczv33b2u_16SOhKBQHSWyDZk-qnC2jUmb1qeNDaWHIPVu5AHtJrHibY8U2lUFHPmZGGwT7jw/s1600/DSCN5674.JPG" height="239" width="320" />Cathedral, Barcelona, Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia, facade</a></div>
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Explore the history of saints, arts, and churches dedicated to them. What is reliable? Need anything be reliable, if the goal is spiritual inspiration or inculcating fear of some kind. <br />
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1. Saint Eulalia. There are two Eulalia's: both Virgins. Which is intended?<br />
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1.1 One Eulalia from Merida, who at age 12 was martyred (tortured and burned) in December 304. Diocletian was Emperor of Rome at the time.<br />
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As to the burned Eulalia, the classical poet, Prudentius, in his poem <i>Peristephanon</i>, tells a different tale, but with similarities in the symbolism of doves. See <i>Electronic Antiquity</i> at <a href="http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/ElAnt/V1N4/baker.html">http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/ElAnt/V1N4/baker.html</a><br />
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The other Eulalia:<br />
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1.2 The second Eulalia from Barcelona, who was martyred earlier that same year, in February 304. She was exposed, unclothed in the town square, and the snow covered her, we are told. Then the angry Romans put her in a barrel, stuck knives in, and rolled her to death. She ultimately was made co-patron Saint of Barcelona. A bishop, however, once confused the issue and said they were one and the same.<br />
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In 1885, artist John William Waterhouse painted the martyred Barcelona
girl (the one sprawled after her murder, not the burned one) but as a
tantalizing woman, not a 12-year old. See <a href="http://www.aug.edu/augusta/iconography/eulaliaWaterhouse.html">http://www.aug.edu/augusta/iconography/eulaliaWaterhouse.html</a>. That painting apparently has been a favorite of boys in the Tate gallery, London, since. <br />
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<li>Piety and little saints. Ensaint children who profess their faith and get killed by
rulers for it. Then go on to kill others who profess their own faiths,
differences from institutional authority, and call them heretics. </li>
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1.3 <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a9kpUt7f2KoC&pg=PA54&lpg=PA54&dq=knight+of+the+golden+fleece+++barcelona&source=bl&ots=_p1iF_D5MA&sig=fQD2kgQ_M0ZnNDK93kv1gGxEviA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=VEW1VN-uIdG1sQTUxYKwBQ&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=knight%20of%20the%20golden%20fleece%20%20%20barcelona&f=false">Fodor's Barcelona</a> gives another narrative, ending with the crucifixion of Eulalia on an X-shaped cross. <br />
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1.4 The black Christ<br />
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<i>Fodor's Barcelona</i> also notes the black Santo Cristo de Lepanto, in a side chapel, see it at http://zeleste11.blogspot.com/2013/03/viernes-santo-2013-aquellas-salidas-que.html/. Do an images search.<br />
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2. Saints, other<br />
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The halo around this knight's head suggests sainthood. But who is it? He is upright, with his sword and full armor. Go back to Fodor's. If the knight is based on a wave-like support, could it be John of Austria, who commanded the Holy League's ships as a fleet; or is it a landlubber Lluis de Requesens, a Catalan aristocrat and general during the reign of Felipe II. Ask Fodor. I did an images search for Lluis there, and did not find this statue. Look up John of Austria: no, he is shown but not as a knight. However, he was a member of the Order of the Golden Fleece, and was victorious at Lepanto, and the black Christ is of Lepanto. See Wikipedia for John, 1547-1578, bastard son of Charles V at the roll call of members 1566, scroll around at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Knights_of_the_Golden_Fleece#18th_Century<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuR6ZTFInaD_5IimojO7Yblj1QwZ7jTeZbL3_ln7iWI5PQRA5xyIuGfQQqdPXalTKLFl_9tQOUDsbX7TtWESTuzU3gDSzcmOoi0Wxjf-fNbusi124UBYgbdPfqHN-vEGHdJxgAfw/s1600/DSCN5676.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuR6ZTFInaD_5IimojO7Yblj1QwZ7jTeZbL3_ln7iWI5PQRA5xyIuGfQQqdPXalTKLFl_9tQOUDsbX7TtWESTuzU3gDSzcmOoi0Wxjf-fNbusi124UBYgbdPfqHN-vEGHdJxgAfw/s1600/DSCN5676.JPG" height="320" width="240" />Knight-saint. Which? Interior, Cathedral of Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia, Barcelona, Spain</a></div>
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Is this another knight of the Golden Fleece, founded by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy in the early 15th Century, a multi-country chivalric order? More research needed. Meanwhile, read Rick Steves on this Cathedral at <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=m47gLxN2tqMC&pg=PT111&lpg=PT111&dq=knight+of+golden+fleece+saint+eulalia+barcelona&source=bl&ots=NYo-JVCzsL&sig=1HisIYqaTSH2Jsx5tnmIaYlVc58&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jybPUvGPHIuksQSvpoHYCw&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=knight%20of%20golden%20fleece%20saint%20eulalia%20barcelona&f=false">Rick Steves' Spain 2012</a>. Including an unknown knight-saint here is for another purpose. See the size of the sword. From waist, and the handgrip(s), with the handle extending to rib cage, and the blade to the ground. That is the nature of sword-sizing. Get measured first.<br />
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4. Rulers. Ramon Borell<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjDT67zZmci8jA-YSP2rfI-ECwBXWAmEf4Y9VfnFFON6Mqu5NDU-U8cjj-c1k1EYFbp6MPE0y3C5SwjAGbWB5dr_kD7ytQnoZfwJ00-B4HM3Ib7EMnRannbrrIvSDejXJaVzZMhA/s1600/DSCN5675.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjDT67zZmci8jA-YSP2rfI-ECwBXWAmEf4Y9VfnFFON6Mqu5NDU-U8cjj-c1k1EYFbp6MPE0y3C5SwjAGbWB5dr_kD7ytQnoZfwJ00-B4HM3Ib7EMnRannbrrIvSDejXJaVzZMhA/s1600/DSCN5675.JPG" height="240" width="320" />Ramon Borell, tomb, Cathedral of St. Eulalia and Holy Cross, Barcelona.</a></div>
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Ramon Borell was Count of Barcelona from 992-1018. To the right of the tomb on the wall is the wife of Ramon Borell, Ermesanda. Count Borell sacked Cordoba, held by the Muslims, during an opportunity when the Muslims engaged in civil war against each other. See <a href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/490726/Ramon-Borrell">http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/490726/Ramon-Borrell</a></div>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-46611890464432321842013-11-06T12:00:00.000-05:002013-11-06T12:00:05.202-05:00Barcelona. Reial Major Palace; Roman Wall, Concert<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
The Reial Major Palace by name only corresponds to the Reial Menor Palace, the reconstructed chapel whose history dates back to the Templars. The Reial Major site dates back to the Romans, and probably to peoples antecedent. And after the Romans and the Visigothic Kings came the Moors. <br />
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It is, overall, a big old dark L of a place, with part of the Roman Wall incorporated and Moorish bits ill-disquised, and that is a good thing. There is a handy stage area set up to draw you in by sound to a street otherwise not especially noticeable.<br />
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Counts of Barcelona! Kings of Aragon! The full panoply is here.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiVbBQNtooP4vNU4-TLe_WjOlgHKTSkR0voKgekOTB0xpXBl5Avifn4WrVl9fWNx8YSjJCxjR444ggnSqKGUlifCQvKqM1kTEGwS38yMJjWQ9N71s8Y7nwEn-5ytCVYs0K2KaJIw/s1600/DSCN5703.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiVbBQNtooP4vNU4-TLe_WjOlgHKTSkR0voKgekOTB0xpXBl5Avifn4WrVl9fWNx8YSjJCxjR444ggnSqKGUlifCQvKqM1kTEGwS38yMJjWQ9N71s8Y7nwEn-5ytCVYs0K2KaJIw/s320/DSCN5703.JPG" width="320" />Reial Major Palace, Barcelona, Spain.</a></div>
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Moorish arch architecture is still visible where the later remodelers liked right angles rather than grace. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIxs8WY7xnLwt7oO_6sdYiDV6NgtRNXalKX-xZgjEMhTDFmsFrjMS-9ZJMBy0_pEbYxGljVOjcRZbv1ytH1rSiWHsRYmo6iTML2o5hpSX3jOsO0Lwk_FUoUDjNc_Ly7lQoz3WZ0A/s1600/DSCN5751.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIxs8WY7xnLwt7oO_6sdYiDV6NgtRNXalKX-xZgjEMhTDFmsFrjMS-9ZJMBy0_pEbYxGljVOjcRZbv1ytH1rSiWHsRYmo6iTML2o5hpSX3jOsO0Lwk_FUoUDjNc_Ly7lQoz3WZ0A/s320/DSCN5751.JPG" width="320" />Barcelona, Reial Major Palau, Spain. Moorish elements remain</a></div>
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The complex comprises several buildings, see <a href="http://www.spain.info/en/que-quieres/arte/monumentos/barcelona/palau_reial_major.html">http://www.spain.info/en/que-quieres/arte/monumentos/barcelona/palau_reial_major.html</a> The 4th Century Roman wall is impressive for its good condition. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGDLNoC0FrHjej4fbPUYTwW_4ldnyoUIQO0h77Tz-fzGe7fj5qQ3-nkyf4SLVp0nUn1YW-EY2UpdY_kUZSsQ_2ScIhbncPfvD3DSE0Wd_cariVuD78HFYZ5m0p4YhXn2VPGIftig/s1600/DSCN5747.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGDLNoC0FrHjej4fbPUYTwW_4ldnyoUIQO0h77Tz-fzGe7fj5qQ3-nkyf4SLVp0nUn1YW-EY2UpdY_kUZSsQ_2ScIhbncPfvD3DSE0Wd_cariVuD78HFYZ5m0p4YhXn2VPGIftig/s320/DSCN5747.JPG" width="192" />Information soundbite, Roman Wall, Barcelona, Spain</a></div>
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Identifying photographs by select tourist posters helps keep places straight. Here, in the evening, follow the sounds. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKOqDGlEH78tWPchBLx7zdIeCxabJMOlPBuy9xHpy_gDfMX7euerSAA5jsQtdkN_pGWJAf6hQ1k9-tCbq6adnZO6QlCqSOYApEH_kUbcHN_h8nPpjRIlvQk4AugWxPuJoG-tf8oA/s1600/DSCN5705.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKOqDGlEH78tWPchBLx7zdIeCxabJMOlPBuy9xHpy_gDfMX7euerSAA5jsQtdkN_pGWJAf6hQ1k9-tCbq6adnZO6QlCqSOYApEH_kUbcHN_h8nPpjRIlvQk4AugWxPuJoG-tf8oA/s320/DSCN5705.JPG" width="320" />Concert, Stage area Reial Major Palace, Barcelona, Spain. </a></div>
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Why Groucho? There was a fine medley of older music, including ragtime. Is that is?</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5U8o9cwI_2HLHDyCsVDLuAdgWGkUpYB7YcdKo45MAh94YweVkoe3-RGDU8zqmy_wMw7PAq4idyq7S4xhyWhRhaBV7051rYDaf5QuOYZJ07Oxpxbhvo74xoDxwdiCnG3vFDWXu4g/s1600/DSCN5704.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5U8o9cwI_2HLHDyCsVDLuAdgWGkUpYB7YcdKo45MAh94YweVkoe3-RGDU8zqmy_wMw7PAq4idyq7S4xhyWhRhaBV7051rYDaf5QuOYZJ07Oxpxbhvo74xoDxwdiCnG3vFDWXu4g/s320/DSCN5704.JPG" width="320" />Heraldry, five verticals on a shield, crown on top, Royal Palace Major, Barcelona, Spain</a></div>
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Back to the music. This was a fine accent to the evening. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCYgkOkxFmiygTNRj_MC_WJi0F2eyBCMIPWiYkxhEFn0jiBmgSl9Q0wUymNCOZLLlQZrEbg8IxIFOawQEUH46sHj-jT4vAkznagCP6Yod5Y0XmHlpubY9JJ_7cgGxQH1xGaCIagw/s1600/DSCN5701.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCYgkOkxFmiygTNRj_MC_WJi0F2eyBCMIPWiYkxhEFn0jiBmgSl9Q0wUymNCOZLLlQZrEbg8IxIFOawQEUH46sHj-jT4vAkznagCP6Yod5Y0XmHlpubY9JJ_7cgGxQH1xGaCIagw/s320/DSCN5701.JPG" width="320" />Concert, courtyard area, Royal Palace Major, Barcelona, Spain</a></div>
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How to identify fine women on horseback with oriflamme? This kind of medieval battle pennant was carried aloft and if it fell, the nearest warrior was to get it back up again -- the oriflamme, see <a href="http://sassafrastree.blogspot.com/2010/12/oriflamme-down-ciceros-up-lust-of-sway.html">http://sassafrastree.blogspot.com/2010/12/oriflamme-down-ciceros-up-lust-of-sway.html/ </a><br />
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Is this Ramon Berengeur IV? There is a large freestanding statue of him in similar flowing cape-garb. Or is this a woman? Enlarged, it looks masculine, with a rounded beard there.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr1ZMhQ0H4awvW1olCA0oEExSJbC-asd74dHu1icFGob0qW49N2NFZBIxqkgGmIgNgp0esWT18Zf788fHm6JMbJGVA7E_8iqnDPgsRZeBDB7E_vm07v7kz1EzW_IHqGweUZaVS7Q/s1600/DSCN5699.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr1ZMhQ0H4awvW1olCA0oEExSJbC-asd74dHu1icFGob0qW49N2NFZBIxqkgGmIgNgp0esWT18Zf788fHm6JMbJGVA7E_8iqnDPgsRZeBDB7E_vm07v7kz1EzW_IHqGweUZaVS7Q/s320/DSCN5699.JPG" width="221" />Oriflamme, Ramon Berengeur IV perhaps, near Reial Major Palau, Barcelona, Spain</a></div>
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Arches that also look remodeled but here the little graceful ones look filed into a simpler frame. Blind arches, or arches to nowhere, seem to be a common theme, with all the contrasting occupiers here, each using this and discarding that, see <a href="http://w1.bcn.cat/barcelonablog/unknown-city/history-of-a-building-the-palau-reial-major?lang=en">http://w1.bcn.cat/barcelonablog/unknown-city/history-of-a-building-the-palau-reial-major?lang=en</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbsrMaiVkn4OkFqtx1incHf675qdQ8MHIESjGBLaiVn-gTxjNBfWUCUiakA9B1e12aIHTUhPITF3qxoKLZULf2YPHHlEiECouSuchF54ZPnONeii0nUMf5zmQ3bkT1jYON_6E8nA/s1600/DSCN5753.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="237" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbsrMaiVkn4OkFqtx1incHf675qdQ8MHIESjGBLaiVn-gTxjNBfWUCUiakA9B1e12aIHTUhPITF3qxoKLZULf2YPHHlEiECouSuchF54ZPnONeii0nUMf5zmQ3bkT1jYON_6E8nA/s320/DSCN5753.JPG" width="320" />xx</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJyHGQnFxUdEW6lbr8hITirZ_SNB74y0Rc2Rs4peUfhRcQk4Hn5NcPzZ_vpqdVN4A6RlOvLGkLvR9PiJR2_Rainhp3OplQov4LJuM0vZZjqPRkEuDYTEyU0gMrRFsZIL2VBw1Jdw/s1600/P1080647.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJyHGQnFxUdEW6lbr8hITirZ_SNB74y0Rc2Rs4peUfhRcQk4Hn5NcPzZ_vpqdVN4A6RlOvLGkLvR9PiJR2_Rainhp3OplQov4LJuM0vZZjqPRkEuDYTEyU0gMrRFsZIL2VBw1Jdw/s320/P1080647.JPG" width="320" />Palatine Santa Agata Chapel, x</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5rlrOzx_07PhTrMpAx5eBsxADS4eDZ41Jb9kN_mgNqXBHASWdi8b2lXRTbGli7PpIu_-cigfJwWjAzG5oNC48TLsZnCFK5zD2UrOLZFEkqqFn3uhs8fnU3u0RcZQtO3iqUA5MzQ/s1600/P1080648.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5rlrOzx_07PhTrMpAx5eBsxADS4eDZ41Jb9kN_mgNqXBHASWdi8b2lXRTbGli7PpIu_-cigfJwWjAzG5oNC48TLsZnCFK5zD2UrOLZFEkqqFn3uhs8fnU3u0RcZQtO3iqUA5MzQ/s320/P1080648.JPG" width="214" />xx</a></div>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-90211645948603509162013-10-31T11:17:00.003-04:002013-10-31T11:17:40.132-04:00Barcelona: Palau Menor. Mystery M on Templar Doors. Cathar-Templar, or Mere Decoration? Royal Palace Minor<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>M's on the Doors</b></div>
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<b>Palacio Real Menor (spellings vary: Palacio Reial Menor, Palau Real Menor)</b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRJMWozpD_tSSfuYkDIBrj5-vD2VD7eK-KewabzeBToLHbS3lxKjPwcMTzRTaOYf8m4dQIcdPicDMQSCecJtf8QounNqOGhmJNWFWXJZK9n2ZQEgS_Y1CrdB94uqzpOhmSCdWJQw/s1600/DSCN5780.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRJMWozpD_tSSfuYkDIBrj5-vD2VD7eK-KewabzeBToLHbS3lxKjPwcMTzRTaOYf8m4dQIcdPicDMQSCecJtf8QounNqOGhmJNWFWXJZK9n2ZQEgS_Y1CrdB94uqzpOhmSCdWJQw/s320/DSCN5780.JPG" width="236" />Palacio Real Menor, Barcelona. M's on Doors.</a><br />
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A. Background. Keep the palaces straight.<br />
<br />
1. There is the Palacio Real Mayor (Palacio Reial Mayor)(Major Palau), and the Palacio Real Menor, a royal chapel nearby. The Palace Major is in the Gothic quarter, and was the residence of the Counts of Barcelona and later, for kings of Aragon. It has been documented since 1116.<br />
<br />
2. As to the Palacio Real (Reiale) Menor, construction also began early, as a Templar project in 1134 or so. Upon dissolution of the Templars in about 1213, the Knights of St. John Hospital (Hospitallers) were granted rights and properties formerly Templar. The Palacio Real changed hands, and then was rebuilt after much wear and tear. The Requesens family took over. Wikipedia's Encyclopedia offers a good non-touristy framework for understanding its history. The original structure, however, was demolished in the mid-19th Century.<br />
<br />
3. Is anything original left inside or outside, even if refurbished. Are some items or symbols used from storage somewhere, from the 19th Century. Who knows. It takes a Spanish speaker to sort out the sites. Explore. Specifically: <br />
<br />
B. What are the M's on the doors to the chapel here: the Mystery M on the chapel doors.<br />
<br />
1. I see no royal or other prominent person with the M initial, who would likely be memorialized there. <br />
<br />
2. There is this opportunity for logical conjecture. M's on the march"<br />
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Juxtapose this set of Mystery M's with Egyptian references, perhaps; with the mystery of the name of the North Gate at the Templar town of La Couvertoirade in France: The Gate of Amoun.<br />
<br />
That seems to be a reference to Amun, or Amen, an Egyptian theological concept. Perhaps the Amun, or Amoun Gate represents some connection to the Templars in crusades in Egypt, such as the 7th Crusade; and what did they learn there, or bring away, or what did they learn while under the Temple Mount in Jerusalem that led them ultimately to track matters back to Egypt.<br />
<br />
Ma'at -- goddess of the order of things, a part of (perhaps) theologies morphing through the Paulicians to the Manicheans, to the Bogomils to the Cathars, and Templar access to those things. See <a href="http://www.cathar.info/120117_heavenhell.htm">http://www.cathar.info/120117_heavenhell.htm</a> Rebirth, transmigration of souls, origins of heaven and hell notions as not particularly or uniquely Christian after all, despite Michael, and where was Jesus for the first decades of his adult life if not Egypt? Or Memphis, a particular theological setting in ancient Egypt, the Theology of Memphis, see <a href="http://www.csun.edu/~rlc31920/documents/History%20110/Theology_of_Memphis.pdf">http://www.csun.edu/~rlc31920/documents/History%20110/Theology_of_Memphis.pdf</a>, including the power of annunciation, the Word that, when spoken, creates the reality of which it spoke, the idea creation out of nothing else, etc. <br />
<br />
Or for Mother Mari, see <a href="http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/esp_autor_whenry04.htm">http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/esp_autor_whenry04.htm;</a><br />
or the manuscript "Mari", same site.<br />
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C. Tradition has long held, variously, that Templars did bring information or documents or something that the Church would want to control or suppress or use for itself as to earliest Christian beliefs and where they originated.<br />
<br />
1. Why not look more seiously at ancient Egyptology, Egyptian religion, perhaps connecting to Amun, or Amoun, and see what would disturb the militant, territorial and hierarchy-driven Christian church as it separated itself from the rest of Christendom in the 11th Century.<br />
<br />
2. Theology of Memphis. This is one of the several evolving theologies of ancient Egypt, and the one that matches the M's. What would be found there of interest?<br />
<br />
Many ideas. The creative power of the Word, anticipating the Logos doctrine of the New Testament, and Creation stories where the power of the utterance leads to creation itself, out of nothing but the idea spoken, the similarities to what we have been told are Israelite concepts in conjunction with a God that chose then dabbled with them and their fates, and the Creation stories included in the Western Bible.<br />
<br />
Where to start? Start with the actual theology of Memphis, at <a href="http://www.csun.edu/~rlc31920/documents/History%20110/Theology_of_Memphis.pdf">http://www.csun.edu/~rlc31920/documents/History%20110/Theology_of_Memphis.pdf. </a>There, on the chart of the gods, see Ptah, the god of craftsmen among other things. Templars, Templar symbols and ritual, Masons, a possible connect. <br />
<br />
Then see, after Ptah, Atum. Sounds like Adm, Adam. The concept of what the created thing included.<br />
And, step 3, take a short cut again to Wikipedia Encyclopedia for a summary of the various Egyptian approaches, at<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_creation_myths"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_creation_myths </a><br />
<br />
This suggests that the Templars espoused or at least opened the door to the Memphis Rite. So, what are the M's on the entry doors of this last vestige of an old Palace, a royal palace once, now merely minor. There is a larger, more prominent palace that remains elsewhere, but nearby. <br />
<br />
The chapel that remains of the minor palace here is deep in alleyways, perhaps was moved to this place when the city walls were torn down so the city could expand. It is hid amid narrow streets where you can almost touch the walls of buildings on both sides, where even the GPS laughs at your going in circles. We still felt safe. Go where you like when you travel. <br />
<br />
3. Double M. <br />
<br />
We know this chapel has Templar connections. In 2013, we now also know that the Templars were <i>absolved</i> of heresy even in the decade in which they were tortured and killed on that ground, and their property confiscated (where, ask the legends, is the real treasure?) and divided between the King of France, Philip the Fair, Philip II.<br />
<br />
Absolved? Yet, the Roman Catholic Church, under old Pope Clement V, hid the story and is the Vatican only now about to release a book about all this? The Chinon parchments from the old trials? See <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1565252/Vatican-paper-set-to-clear-Knights-Templar.html">http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1565252/Vatican-paper-set-to-clear-Knights-Templar.html</a><br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Rather than pass off the idea of ancient Egyptian origins of beliefs that Western Religion likes to think are uniquely Christian, read Ancient Egypt, ed. David P. Silverman, NY Oxford Univ Press 1997 at 125 ff. Amun the Unknowable, the Memphis theology, the Word of God, Akhenaten, time and eternity, etc. </li>
<li>The institutional church's violent killing and discrediting of Manicheans, Paulicians, others, and the centuries of book burnings and destruction of ancient libraries: ask, what does the Vatican Library, for example, still hold, that may cast real doubt on the "Christian" obsessions with hierarchies and rules that prevent autonomy, discussion.</li>
</ul>
<br />
Meanwhile,the M's. Hobnail pattern. Is the door wooden or leather. I cannot recall and my notes are silent. If leather, would they be as old, or would the leather have disintetrated. <br />
<br />
D. More possibilities for the M, for other researchers and amateurs to investigate in order to ward off Alzheimers:<br />
<br />
1. M is for a Masonic M. Not yet.<br />
<br />
Not so far. I see no Masonic M in an overt M pattern, only the M in some hand signals, ring and center finger together, pinky and pointer separated. Is that so? A dead end for us. We know that later Freemasons built their rituals and whatever on allegedly Templar roots, but this particular clear alphabetical, not particularly occult, capital M eludes me. <br />
<br />
2. M is for Mary, Virgin Mary. Not yet. But see the reference to Mari, above.<br />
<br />
Not so far. I see no other name for this place so far than the chapel of the palace minor, that the Templars allegedly used. This one: There are statues, carvings, paintings of the Virgin Mary inside, but not reflected in the name. There already is the Barcelona Cathedral, the Saint Mary of the Sea, the Santa Maria del Mar.<br />
<br />
From the nature of the portraits, alcoves with apparent Madonnas, echoes of Black Madonnas not entirely explained by mere exposure to dampness, must, fire, whatever, emerge. Some black figures whether of Jesus of Mary appear to be intentionally black. How to cross reference all we have found in 15 years of European travel on our own, without Google's algorithm accusing us of cross-spamming ourselves and deleting the whole thing. Pity.<br />
<br />
3. M is for a more occult form of heresy, shown here, if the M means that, to have survived the decimation of the Templars who were charged with heresies on other grounds.<br />
<br />
Back to the Memphis Rite. <br />
<br />
The Memphis Rite, ancient Egyptology, where the very origins of the nature of the creating deity, long claimed to be the purview of the Israelites as Chosen - and ultimately the group that claims to be the only legitimate inheritor of Christ's true whatever.<br />
<br />
</div>
Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-69744038609610426802013-10-02T15:32:00.001-04:002013-10-05T19:00:01.336-04:00Barcelona, Royal Chapel Minor, Interior. Santa Maria de Palau, 4 Ataulf Street. Four Atulf Street. Templar Origins<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Interior, Chapel, Palau Reial Menor </b></div>
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<b>Royal Chapel Minor, Barcelona </b></div>
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Santa Maria de Palau</div>
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Lesser Royal Palace<br />
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Once Templar </div>
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Arrive at 4 Ataulf Street after dusk, after a long site hunt through alleyways, enter to find a small service in process, wait and feel welcomed. A very old priest, perhaps five worshippers, all old, old.<b> </b> Polite photographs, each time gesturing for permission as the equivalent of the altar guild closed up.<br />
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<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxSgOcVaYfYF7-eA0ZtL877M5O7S0ti0KU7NiMCxXxXmT7afteNSFjw_f6WMF2UcgQ_CFGuCb7Daem6yfsZ9H0QS6S7AzSguQ0QUaHPHmKJqb077321osckVqq-qFuHN0SJZGMHg/s1600/DSCN5775.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxSgOcVaYfYF7-eA0ZtL877M5O7S0ti0KU7NiMCxXxXmT7afteNSFjw_f6WMF2UcgQ_CFGuCb7Daem6yfsZ9H0QS6S7AzSguQ0QUaHPHmKJqb077321osckVqq-qFuHN0SJZGMHg/s320/DSCN5775.JPG" width="240" />Barcelona, Altar, Interior, Chapel, Palau Reial Menor, Royal Chapel Minor, at 4 Ataulf Street. The Lesser Royal Palace.</a><br />
<br />
This Chapel was once a Templar place of worship, although it has undergone renovations, and even been moved to this location. What is original? I am still looking for a comprehensive assessment somewhere.<br />
<br />
Templars being exonerated. The Templars were declared heretic in 1307, tortured and killed, and the Order dissolved in 1313. I understand that the Vatican is in process of exonerating them, update October 5, as Pope Clement found them innocent of heresy long ago -- and suppressed the order. It has been found, misfiled. See a history by an ongoing group, <a href="http://www.templarusa.org/who.html">http://www.templarusa.org/who.html</a><br />
<br />
1. On the walls were several Cross Alisee Patee shapes, Cross forms, like a engraved stencil perhaps, re-darkened, but not deeply carved into the stone. FN 1.<br />
<br />
Templars held no monopoly on crosses like these. See variations of this rounded, encircled variation also known as cross formee or cross formy, but these shapes frequent their places. Do a search, in images. A motorcycle club has adopted it for its protective symbolism, see<a href="http://www.protectorsmc.com/Colors.aspx"> http://www.protectorsmc.com/Colors.aspx</a>/. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiQ3O6hut82_wZoyoR0SvI5Tp1t8_EPrUBXmR0QwRbRyQQvw-6fHHcc6P3TEusdsRcmC9G3_wTj4WqURzSPTZZqBoVnX809upUlMzPax-YRwCQUneEq-0cNbHQ2i1nkwbXEwg7aw/s1600/DSCN5779.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiQ3O6hut82_wZoyoR0SvI5Tp1t8_EPrUBXmR0QwRbRyQQvw-6fHHcc6P3TEusdsRcmC9G3_wTj4WqURzSPTZZqBoVnX809upUlMzPax-YRwCQUneEq-0cNbHQ2i1nkwbXEwg7aw/s320/DSCN5779.JPG" width="240" />Heralry, quartered shield, diagonal, horses. Santa Maria de Palau, Barcelona</a></div>
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Crosses Alisee Pattee:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcIadD4T4rUkPAl2Dku41tospk0cvT0AWcrygSAamOl0L3nNeF8PS3aeZMOj-LPYiGZ5Y5uyNk9w6aBH7qg8vY-eDrul3zAsuQch9pN15IeEaC116RiuVsIWJc-1oTCxQqeCnsgw/s1600/DSCN5774.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcIadD4T4rUkPAl2Dku41tospk0cvT0AWcrygSAamOl0L3nNeF8PS3aeZMOj-LPYiGZ5Y5uyNk9w6aBH7qg8vY-eDrul3zAsuQch9pN15IeEaC116RiuVsIWJc-1oTCxQqeCnsgw/s320/DSCN5774.JPG" width="320" />Interior,
Santa Maria de Palau, Royal Chapel Minor, 4 Ataulf Street, Barcelona,
Spain. Templar, Cross Alisee Pattee, a kind of Maltese Cross, high on
pillar</a></div>
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. </div>
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More
crosses alisee pattee at the Santa Maria de Palau. This niche is stoned
up. Would that make the cross affixed more likely to be original, but
where does the door go?</div>
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The chapel itself was moved to this location after 1859 when the rest of the palace had been demolished or was crumbled, see the long history of this chapel and the Templar history at <a href="http://catholicbarcelona.com/2009/11/04/santa-maria-de-palau/">http://catholicbarcelona.com/2009/11/04/santa-maria-de-palau/ </a></div>
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2. Chapel history, roughly: <br />
<br />
1099 Bernard of Clairvaux establishes the Templars, see chronology at <a href="http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/knights-templar-timeline.htm">http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/knights-templar-timeline.htm</a>/ Crusades continue.<br />
1134 Templars establish a "garrison-fief" along the city wall, to continue and enhance their influence over Aragon, capital Barcelona. A larger church was built outside the city, at Palau -Solita. See <a href="http://www.monestirs.cat/monst/bcn/cbn02pala.htm">http://www.monestirs.cat/monst/bcn/cbn02pala.htm</a> (click to translate)<br />
1246-48 Chapel built by Templars <br />
1282 Templar commanderie moved from Palau-Solita to this location<br />
1312 Catholic Church and King decimate, killed most of the Templars, in a hunt that went on for years, and confiscated their property for their own coffers<br />
1354-57<br />
to 1400 While a convent was being constructed for Dominican Sisters, the Chapel here was given over for their use. Entrenchment, conversion, of the institution's ideas and policy to further weaken Templar influence, even in memory.<br />
1500's -<br />
1850's or so The powerful Recasens family take control <br />
1542 Recasens family builds larger tower and Gothic vaulting, stonework<br />
1859 Old palace torn down, as part of tearing down old walls, expanding the city. Area given over to Jesuits, chapel renamed Our Lady of Victory. Jesuits tore down the tower and added a second story for their library.<br />
2001 +/- Restorations. Mass once a day. <br />
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<div style="text-align: left;">
3. Number 4 Ataulf Street, Atulf Street, Barcelona.<b> </b>At the time of the renovation in the 1600's or so, how much of the original chapel,although later moved, was left even then? These numbers could be part of the stations of the cross, and not the building address number for the post office, is that so? <b><br /></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZG0AC9cFbNW44xHwlkz3Zpi4SiZ5E-iU0z6oWKzX_7UhhMNcHLu1Fn98G7ktlWDAQd4YJdWB9PsY9uZO_ugk8QhnsKKchk0QH6mBXO2IDtSIP2NeAQDHCnwc6l76dxODP8qBPgQ/s1600/DSCN5781.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZG0AC9cFbNW44xHwlkz3Zpi4SiZ5E-iU0z6oWKzX_7UhhMNcHLu1Fn98G7ktlWDAQd4YJdWB9PsY9uZO_ugk8QhnsKKchk0QH6mBXO2IDtSIP2NeAQDHCnwc6l76dxODP8qBPgQ/s320/DSCN5781.JPG" width="240" />Interior, 4 Ataulf Street, Chapel, Palau Reial Menor, Barcelona</a><br />
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Station Number 4 would be where Jesus meets his mother on the way to the cross. To be checked. Need to enlarge, etc.<br />
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4. The Black Madonna, the Virgin of Montserrat. Niche at Royal Chapel Minor<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlGM_NHThl62ikWxx_60n3yFIAmJm6FJdhh-BlQgSVkDdADwmlkEPx7O7-RB0lLVxqIMyanjhpYMCJiehqArLXXATNUGFK0pyyhOstOm_RVRy7LoQiQAbbH36O6dG6JbjGN877yA/s1600/DSCN5773.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlGM_NHThl62ikWxx_60n3yFIAmJm6FJdhh-BlQgSVkDdADwmlkEPx7O7-RB0lLVxqIMyanjhpYMCJiehqArLXXATNUGFK0pyyhOstOm_RVRy7LoQiQAbbH36O6dG6JbjGN877yA/s320/DSCN5773.JPG" width="240" />Barcelona, Palau Reial Menor, Chapel, Black Virgin of Montserrat, niche.</a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=10267680" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=10267680" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=10267680" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
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Why is.The Black Madonna of Montserrat here? The original is a centerpiece of a monastery some 30 miles to the northwest, and is reproduced in many places. Pope Leo in the late nineteenth century declared this carved Black Virgin to be the patron saint of Catalonia. Does the original date from the early Church in the Holy Land, even carved by Luke, or is it merely Romanesque from the 12th Century? <br />
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Scholars disagree, see <a href="http://campus.udayton.edu/mary/meditations/olmont.html">http://campus.udayton.edu/mary/meditations/olmont.html</a><br />
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Somebody could take a chip and date this, but apparently it has not been done. Still, why would it appear in a Templar chapel, renovated in the 16th Century, except that later believers apart from any Templar roots wanted it? <br />
<br />
This stone niche is more approachable than this fenced-in Black Madonna. Same church? Coloring and gilt are all different, so I have to check. Meanwhile, no label. My son and I swapped cards as my more "advanced" camera finked out, and his soldiered on.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE83JjgqUhZ9qssqMx9ejsK-RnOz3AsFCP-cUiqUdiFTnOWCuagxgjFpj9cRKrf27RNE_bgFb-CRKNrRT-FnPYcXkWvC58XGdo1NMYnUglPpAYVakkgoS_3f5nT6Eh2igkOC7qRw/s1600/P1080562.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE83JjgqUhZ9qssqMx9ejsK-RnOz3AsFCP-cUiqUdiFTnOWCuagxgjFpj9cRKrf27RNE_bgFb-CRKNrRT-FnPYcXkWvC58XGdo1NMYnUglPpAYVakkgoS_3f5nT6Eh2igkOC7qRw/s320/P1080562.JPG" width="214" /></a> <br />
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5. Ironwork, interior door, Palau Reial Menor.<br />
<br />
Again, I believe this ironwork door was from the interior of Palau Reial Menor, but the swapping of photocards makes it uneasy. <br />
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I was interested because of a similar door -- would you believe -- in a Templar round church in Denmark. See it at <a href="http://denmarkroadways.blogspot.com/2011/07/bjernede-inside-round-church-rundkirke.html/">http://denmarkroadways.blogspot.com/2011/07/bjernede-inside-round-church-rundkirke.html/</a>. Now, look specifically at the lock forms. A variation on the usual crosses. Still checking that.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaGzu4SWFPzJwoOXDI5wDFvS9PPRQa2UsW4WfDCSgXyeor22Bf1RrMAUGAPhWsXp830HzF27yY7a2E_sqXGJmVMuiztAHdK08bxrfa5CZkJxf9OhyphenhyphenlYjsNjQUa_3ORTcpk-g-h7g/s1600/DSCN5633.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaGzu4SWFPzJwoOXDI5wDFvS9PPRQa2UsW4WfDCSgXyeor22Bf1RrMAUGAPhWsXp830HzF27yY7a2E_sqXGJmVMuiztAHdK08bxrfa5CZkJxf9OhyphenhyphenlYjsNjQUa_3ORTcpk-g-h7g/s320/DSCN5633.JPG" width="240" /></a><br />
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5. Place-holder photograph while I check. These have no embedded identification until I find more definitively what they are. Those of us who travel on our own, with cameras, and sloppy notebooks, make mistakes, but want to preserve a record for later correction-additions.<br />
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Bear with us, and do try this kind of travel, on your own. Adrenalin, brain synapses and fun, can result from these kinds of hunts. for some of us. <br />
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Questions from our poor record-keeping in our sloppy but well-meaning logs: <br />
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Is this from this church, or another? Here for now, unlabelled until sure. There is a 1748 in it, and reference to ____ de Ramon. Earlier Ramon connections could be to the Counts of Barcelona, see http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CATALAN%20NOBILITY.htm/. But this one?<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTOBcnHoALQN-6DNnDBGCHDWBdAvo3dNpouAufYcuJ_Dt6hhWeppzZq6KFScQsRiXU8oK2CY-H2fKJfYC_GZl0uknVc_WgnU1AOWpzAhW-VXh-fpaMxiuAq3kF95cSEuhiOJtY8Q/s1600/DSCN5765.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTOBcnHoALQN-6DNnDBGCHDWBdAvo3dNpouAufYcuJ_Dt6hhWeppzZq6KFScQsRiXU8oK2CY-H2fKJfYC_GZl0uknVc_WgnU1AOWpzAhW-VXh-fpaMxiuAq3kF95cSEuhiOJtY8Q/s320/DSCN5765.JPG" width="240" />rr</a></div>
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Also here as a placeholder. Which church? With fiddling, perhaps I can type this one out and translate.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyitKzih0ixjlXX9MfgUe8Eq6-RN_V5DOBFXtsEKl_EGrcrFFPGNgTcZw9EXy5nhIV7IR-5swf-vqO0_8uz3e5g2CHLkEMfmI548felFdGaGDnyGE5uzDFOYwy4DN2WLecCYiqgQ/s1600/DSCN5759.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyitKzih0ixjlXX9MfgUe8Eq6-RN_V5DOBFXtsEKl_EGrcrFFPGNgTcZw9EXy5nhIV7IR-5swf-vqO0_8uz3e5g2CHLkEMfmI548felFdGaGDnyGE5uzDFOYwy4DN2WLecCYiqgQ/s320/DSCN5759.JPG" width="240" /></a></div>
Also not sure. Looks too fancy for here. Dan and I had to swap cards sometimes when my untrusty camera died on and off.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCW3mP_xhgDhqNAFeIp45VYAamJp6AMYWpOxiBcQnsypIkQf-XbmNDoFPkHqJ9BOPfsDBwxyU2Z7HLLIt1-LhKoTkjFPts-nt3hvIiyvW5LcK-6QQKM8bHi1S8dEV1QhNqkxu6cg/s1600/DSCN5762.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCW3mP_xhgDhqNAFeIp45VYAamJp6AMYWpOxiBcQnsypIkQf-XbmNDoFPkHqJ9BOPfsDBwxyU2Z7HLLIt1-LhKoTkjFPts-nt3hvIiyvW5LcK-6QQKM8bHi1S8dEV1QhNqkxu6cg/s320/DSCN5762.JPG" width="240" />which church? Checking. Note Black Madonna at lower center</a></div>
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Closeup of black madonna from photograph of whoever above.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjswAa3reM46qt2y1Vj83yLNyQTwPTYkSSYdhuIkWL66jP2IfVfDIZuMk30JUDBDaS_0VcuE8Bt4ksRB_03CLrR7LNo9sU_sXNqSCSdx_kWl0993TyLs3TQ6LKFgZy1fT_HwdrYeQ/s1600/DSCN5761.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjswAa3reM46qt2y1Vj83yLNyQTwPTYkSSYdhuIkWL66jP2IfVfDIZuMk30JUDBDaS_0VcuE8Bt4ksRB_03CLrR7LNo9sU_sXNqSCSdx_kWl0993TyLs3TQ6LKFgZy1fT_HwdrYeQ/s320/DSCN5761.JPG" width="240" />Black Madonna, which church? This has the symbol of the crescent beneath,</a></div>
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Symbol of the crescent, connected with Black Madonna; or perhaps another figure, Sara la Kali,. See Gdansk at another site of ours, at <a href="http://polandroadways.blogspot.com/2007/09/gdansk-church-of-saint-mary-black.html/">http://polandroadways.blogspot.com/2007/09/gdansk-church-of-saint-mary-black.html/</a> Tracking groups' dogma and narrative is one thing, and usually leads to ambiguities that do not fit. Go there yourself, pose the question, and see what else you find. <br />
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Follow along: now go back to Denmark's Rundkirke, and find the crescent also on the headgear of Saint Lawrence, at <a href="http://denmarkroadways.blogspot.com/2011/07/bjernede-inside-round-church-rundkirke.html">http://denmarkroadways.blogspot.com/2011/07/bjernede-inside-round-church-rundkirke.html</a><br />
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Do those anomalies, coincidences, repeated theme symbols, add up to anything? We stay interested, and surprised at the lack of first hand information we find. Everyone seems to quote from other sources and conclude that those, because antecedent, must be correct. Nuts.<br />
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6. Skull and crossbones. <br />
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Hold this image.<br />
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This church or another? The symbolism is explored, vet it yourself, at http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sociopolitica/sociopol_masonsknightstemplar06.htm<br />
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It is hard to imagine that this would survive not only 1312's slaughter and confiscations, but also possession by the Catholic Church and the rest of the history here. Did it? <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt482Pf7Z4j8o0_YSS7bwZaDXL_X1-F-wGpF9wNRTceqHCJfzvWC8Ws4DJc_yRwGaTJG0rcaHNG9ngEqTPKs2qfPGQlKBtKOwJtUDmNIJn0JOTaxbDdz2j49moBB-5oalyszDxNQ/s1600/DSCN5764.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt482Pf7Z4j8o0_YSS7bwZaDXL_X1-F-wGpF9wNRTceqHCJfzvWC8Ws4DJc_yRwGaTJG0rcaHNG9ngEqTPKs2qfPGQlKBtKOwJtUDmNIJn0JOTaxbDdz2j49moBB-5oalyszDxNQ/s320/DSCN5764.JPG" width="240" /></a></div>
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7. Heraldry on the wall, high up, Ssanta Maria de Palau </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTs8O5n3sh8JYTHK8k9MoId3zPA9NCltoo26-tAqn3G1YThbr0tPrMvtckaQQIN_AmNGOTGahvkGl8Jr-qZf8Rn2H7QJgcwaXqaQdgXKebdYG_ZXuFkpWZqVIuO8ATH3DeDg_wPA/s1600/DSCN5776.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTs8O5n3sh8JYTHK8k9MoId3zPA9NCltoo26-tAqn3G1YThbr0tPrMvtckaQQIN_AmNGOTGahvkGl8Jr-qZf8Rn2H7QJgcwaXqaQdgXKebdYG_ZXuFkpWZqVIuO8ATH3DeDg_wPA/s320/DSCN5776.JPG" width="240" />Coat of arms, interior, Santa Maria de Palau, Chapel, Lesser Royal Palace, Barcelona</a></div>
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In close-up, there are four quadranats, with a diagonal going from high left to lower right, facing the sigil. In the top right quadrant are four it looks like horses, a checkered sheild is in the center, and two animals (also horses or are the necks too short?) in the lower left quadrant. </div>
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There is a heraldry institute of Rome. I looked up the Recasens family, but came up dry, at <a href="http://heraldrysinstitute.com/cognomi_italiani.php?paese=Spain&lang=en&cognome=Recasens">http://heraldrysinstitute.com/cognomi_italiani.php?paese=Spain&lang=en&cognome=Recasens</a>/ This shows Recasens, but no similarities with this simple quadrant and diagonal cum horses. See <a href="http://www.heraldicapellido.com/r2/Recasens.htm">http://www.heraldicapellido.com/r2/Recasens.htm</a></div>
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8. Stonework by interior door, renovations-repairs apparent. Need to do a close-up. And what is the M? <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq7F707n149FrgRH-DnkLup-yVFNlJMgjpLTdIYJh8FRmu0eQQbd2G6-4sfLVoNde9pUwoFoPV1-u-CS-7_ObZw7xEEmHlX9EmW_ZaAeq2tTEt89WupOiIt35PUQd5LjsJo1lpZQ/s1600/DSCN5782.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq7F707n149FrgRH-DnkLup-yVFNlJMgjpLTdIYJh8FRmu0eQQbd2G6-4sfLVoNde9pUwoFoPV1-u-CS-7_ObZw7xEEmHlX9EmW_ZaAeq2tTEt89WupOiIt35PUQd5LjsJo1lpZQ/s320/DSCN5782.JPG" width="240" />Exterior (the "M's" on the doorways), Santa Maria de Palau, Barcelona, Chapel, Palau Reial Menor. Arch, capital. </a></div>
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Close-up of other portal work, see <a href="http://www.monestirs.cat/monst/bcn/cbn02pala.htm">http://www.monestirs.cat/monst/bcn/cbn02pala.htm</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=10267680" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=10267680" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=10267680" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7RL8DxLwtHelS_MaEvJI8qqN5hQqgCRMzK274ERZtOM5Lya1ZerwspMKSFYz-eDnB5c1dJYpK_-wBh0HOXQvTElp-2xC3ZBkjjVUNYlhqNmGubWx-SZYl44zs3uGVRPQesxMlIA/s1600/DSCN5783.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7RL8DxLwtHelS_MaEvJI8qqN5hQqgCRMzK274ERZtOM5Lya1ZerwspMKSFYz-eDnB5c1dJYpK_-wBh0HOXQvTElp-2xC3ZBkjjVUNYlhqNmGubWx-SZYl44zs3uGVRPQesxMlIA/s320/DSCN5783.JPG" width="240" />Exterior entry to Santa Maria de Palau, Barcelona</a></div>
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<br />
FN 1 <br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Missing from this otherwise
fine site for interest-routes available to tourists in Spain is anything
to do with the Templars. Are the guilty institutions still so fearful
of them, while the rest of us remain horrified at the bloody revenge
taken upon them beginning 1312 for their acquisition of power and
development of whatever they developed, on their own? See <a href="http://www.plustravelspain.com/routes2.html">http://www.plustravelspain.com/routes2.html/</a>
Templars. Denied even the memory, the fate of those deemed heretic and
whose property was confiscated to enrich the powers; and is that why
the fictions grow? </li>
<li> Needed: A route that will root in Templar fact, if any can still be found after the destruction. </li>
<li>Shall
we examine exactly what was heretical about them, and why differing
beliefs should justify mass murder, as it does and did? The heritage of crusade: that those who deem themselves right can kill of the others, and do so without societal consequence.</li>
</ul>
</div>
Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-70244850661901428132013-09-24T10:46:00.001-04:002013-10-05T15:25:10.328-04:00Barcelona. Chapel of Palau Reial Menor. Early Maltese Cross: The Alisee Pattee. Royal Palace Minor <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Chapel of Palau Reial Menor, Maltese Cross Alisee Pattee, Exterior<br />
Royal Palace Minor<br />
Santa Maria de Palau </div>
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Find tiny Atulf Street, Ataulf Street, in Barcelona, and there at #4 is the Chapel of Palau
Reial Menor, Chapel of the Royal Palace Minor, with its multiple Alisee Pattee crosses. The Alisee Pattee
crosses appear stenciled on the walls, or whatever other technique
produces fine uniformity and exactitude. Here is one: what is that
cross? Why is it here? In a little chapel that had been associated with one of the palaces of the nobility.<br />
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It is easily passed, with a nondescript facade. Its history of renovations make it difficult to figure original from change. This little chapel once was the Chapel of the Convent of the Knights Templar.<br />
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Knights Templar exoneration. Templars were accused of heresy, see Pope Clement V at <a href="http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Councils/ecum15.htm">http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Councils/ecum15.htm</a>; and although it appears that Clement later exonerated them, he suppressed the order and it is only recently come to light. The history of the process, and the real motives of church and state involved, are worth a read, see <a href="http://catholicunderthehood.com/2010/05/02/today-in-catholic-history-pope-clement-v-and-the-knights-templar/">http://catholicunderthehood.com/2010/05/02/today-in-catholic-history-pope-clement-v-and-the-knights-templar/</a> At a secret trial in Chinon, France, the Templars were exonerated, surprise. See <a href="http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/deatils_emerge_on_knights_templar_document_from_secret_archives/">http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/deatils_emerge_on_knights_templar_document_from_secret_archives/</a><br />
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In the 16th Century, the family Requesens renovated-rebuilt. The facade was also restored.<span class="notranslate">.</span> <span class="notranslate">
Today, the restored façade, the church is a No. 4 Street ATAULF with
interesting art shows of the time, like a marble image of Our Lady of
Victory Renaissance work of sculptor <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dpalau%2Breal%2Bmenor%26sa%3DX%26nfpr%3D1%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D640&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=ca&u=http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mart%25C3%25ADn_D%25C3%25ADez_de_Liatzasolo&usg=ALkJrhgYVVB2vn05qPOvQAQZbDIg2Yop8w" title="Ten of Martin Liatzasolo">Martin Ten of Liatzasolo</a> .</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF218f1DxqTaCdumPF4hMod0ccvsgWBO4AqsmlAbI_UXPV0rmAT3Qbrw6L4PWjRoyci83P2c1piS9hyphenhyphenkOGhsaWHwtPnSIgiNVez4D7VKOTdbdIQHriVDawH_Qr3ZGSpMEcVN4zJg/s1600/DSCN5780.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF218f1DxqTaCdumPF4hMod0ccvsgWBO4AqsmlAbI_UXPV0rmAT3Qbrw6L4PWjRoyci83P2c1piS9hyphenhyphenkOGhsaWHwtPnSIgiNVez4D7VKOTdbdIQHriVDawH_Qr3ZGSpMEcVN4zJg/s320/DSCN5780.JPG" width="236" />Chapel of Palau Reial Menor, Barcelona. Facade, #4, Atulf Street, Ataulf Street. Chapel of the Royal Palace Minor.</a><br />
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What is the significance of the M pattern on the doors? The place where Ataulf Street is found itself is a rabbit-warren of little streets, so narrow, twisting. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjQCPVQJTAxNukqTIR9__8YKyuxKDZwm-oyT74WhFDBbkv7_0ocKXtwVC-hDV3AWkR_WvLEad0q8h4IRXsRl_UtASTqrfJuyEP2v70gDnwLQzE-VxiFx0V4rUL7eaOacX2vcBZgA/s1600/DSCN5772.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjQCPVQJTAxNukqTIR9__8YKyuxKDZwm-oyT74WhFDBbkv7_0ocKXtwVC-hDV3AWkR_WvLEad0q8h4IRXsRl_UtASTqrfJuyEP2v70gDnwLQzE-VxiFx0V4rUL7eaOacX2vcBZgA/s320/DSCN5772.JPG" width="320" />Barcelona, Atulf Street, Ataulf Street, corner of Street of the Templars</a> <br />
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Back to the Alisee Pattee cross inside: Is it Templar? reasonably original, meaning what in terms of date. Or is it a later memorial of sorts to past uses.<br />
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And the Templars retain their old street in Barcelona. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkgIFv1PFhkr3cZIo-JRw9R1S3zRk5dVTFOFDJIAHXBA_SLwuJv6SrxdFWY3zlQLcBPjatKPfgAPrJDizkB0fHtEce9SmZtqOP3kT9A9DDuC5U9QF2MUIJ2BGq5InxAU2bd-PSnA/s1600/DSCN5784.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkgIFv1PFhkr3cZIo-JRw9R1S3zRk5dVTFOFDJIAHXBA_SLwuJv6SrxdFWY3zlQLcBPjatKPfgAPrJDizkB0fHtEce9SmZtqOP3kT9A9DDuC5U9QF2MUIJ2BGq5InxAU2bd-PSnA/s320/DSCN5784.JPG" width="229" />Barcelona, Street of the Templars, Carrers dels Templers </a><br />
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It is not surprising that there is no Templar cross no version of a Maltese cross, on the exterior, as I recall. There is the double MM on the front doors.<br />
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<br />
Fn 1 <br />
<br />
1. Description. The distinctive equal-armed cross formation known as the Maltese Cross, comes in variations. One, as here, displays the wide ends fitting a circle, and equal arms (no crucifix idea), and is associated frequently with Templars. This rounded version is an early form used by early Hospitalers, or the Order of St. John in Jerusalem, which Order offered refuge to many Templars upon their persecution in 1312. See<a href="http://www.orderstjohn.org/osj/otherord.htm"> http://www.orderstjohn.org/osj/otherord.htm/.</a> It is called the Cross Alisee Pattee, or the French <i>croix pattée alésée arrondie</i>.<br />
<br />
Variations of Maltese Crosses later morphed into arms that were each representative of two spears, with eight pointed ends creating a circle, and much later than the Crusades: in the 1500's. See <a href="http://www.orderstjohn.org/osj/cross.htm">http://www.orderstjohn.org/osj/cross.htm.</a><br />
<br />
2. Uses of the cross shape. Jerusalem itself reverted to the Muslims in 1187, and the Crusades ended in defeat. With those wars over, the formerly crusading Orders needed new employment and reinvented themselves for purposes that suited Pope and King in other directions, and fill their own and their sponsors' coffers.<br />
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Templars, however, as an early crusading order, may or may not have held at the time a monopoly on the Alisee Pattee cross. Each appearance today does not necessarily mean a Templar origin or meaning, probably.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=10267680" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=10267680" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=10267680" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>3. The Alisee Pattee in particular. This shape would have been useful to Templars because it remained associated also with the Brothers of St. John. That enabled beleagured Templars under attack by minions of Pope and King could bear that cross shape with ambiguity and deniability about Templar significance. Would that ruse save lives, as the Templars themselves were persecuted nearly out of existence by the militant Christian church under that Pope Clement V, and efforts augmented by King Philip le Bel of France.<br />
<br />
From the Templar founding in 1129, to its near destruction in 1312, implemented by said Pope and King, the Templars had become wealthy. Combining church and state to get and split the wealth of these mysterious monk-banker-crusaders served both Pope and King, both of whom wanted money. The wealth had accumulated during the crusades and after. The Roman Church had separated from the Eastern Orthodox in The Great
Schism in 1054, and the new militant Roman branch, now autonomous, needed property,
territory, prestige. So did the King. Let's have a war.<br />
<br />
That is now largely forgotten. After the crusade against the Templars themselves, however, the issue remains. Who got the goods? People deposited their wealth and deeds with Templars for years during the Crusades, like bills of lading, and if the owner did not return, the property reverted to the Order. See FN 1, on Maltese-type crosses, research ongoing.<br />
<br />
Dilution of the Maltese Cross. that history has been forgotten. The Maltese Cross idea had its origins in crusading invasions, religious slaughter of others for one's own cause as ordered by an unchallenged authority, Pope and King, and identification of one's own who then deserve protection, but no-one else. Is that so?<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Dilution of significance. The Maltese Cross now is seen, at least in the New York Fire Department, NYFD, as only a symbol of courage, the bearer being willing to lay down his or her own life to save any others. See <a href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/fdny//html/history/maltese_cross.shtml">http://www.nyc.gov/html/fdny//html/history/maltese_cross.shtml</a></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
Evolution of The Maltese Cross evolved from simple forms, to the now-familiar eight-pointed cross, also called the Maltese cross. Find the other and earlier shapes used by different crusader states, including -- as laid out at the <a href="http://www.orderstjohn.org/osj/otherord.htm">orderstjohn</a> site. These help identify crosses now still seen throughout Europe, in untampered-with oldest churches. Find all these, meanings of words to be searched:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<ul>
<li>the Greek Cross, </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>the Cross Formee (Wikipedia says this is also the Alisee Pattee, do a search, but a cross formee is not, I think, convex at the ends, rounded)</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>the Formee Branchee, </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>the Cross Pattee, </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>the Formee Pattee,</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>the Cross Fourchee, </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>the Cross Millrine,</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>the Cross Moline, </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>the Cross Ancree, </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>the Cross Cercelee,</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>the Cross Potent, </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>the Cross Formee Demi Sarcelled, </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>the <i><b>Alisee Pattee</b></i> (focus here)</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>the Cross Branchee or the Cross Fichee,</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>the Cross Formee variant, the Patriarchal Cross,</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>the Cross Double Fitched. </li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div>
See pictures of these variations on the Maltese Cross at <a href="http://www.orderstjohn.org/osj/cross.htm">http://www.orderstjohn.org/osj/cross.htm</a><br />
<br />
The modern Maltese cross, with its eight points, was introduced in the 1500's. Put that one away in your mind in looking at early crosses. That radical change was implemented a long time after Jerusalem reverted to the Muslims, and the Crusades formally ended in defeat, in 1187.<br />
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</div>
Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-20603118522260299352013-09-13T11:57:00.001-04:002013-09-13T11:57:37.342-04:00Barcelona - Pablo Picasso. The Museum<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Pablo Picasso. A melancholy face, studying the one studying him. Who will blink and move on. Look back. He is still considering. Take a child, or in our case, an adult with Down syndrome, and be amazed at the perceptions. One museum per city will do. Choose it well. It is not obviously placed. Follow little arrows. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwRjKZmpZMdMipwKNOjvp_ZfSTiUKpB6fCJ4Li6uylrfvhzEni5XB6LrYThb_-4lvUIT7MQ_D2OOYgPtmiPlhoXcUxuWOQKzkc9azDoGK6_JKPiK6TpjXpjMOTAN_FwFRxSloWdA/s1600/DSCN5792.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwRjKZmpZMdMipwKNOjvp_ZfSTiUKpB6fCJ4Li6uylrfvhzEni5XB6LrYThb_-4lvUIT7MQ_D2OOYgPtmiPlhoXcUxuWOQKzkc9azDoGK6_JKPiK6TpjXpjMOTAN_FwFRxSloWdA/s320/DSCN5792.JPG" width="233" />Pablo Picasso, Museu Picasso, Barcelona</a></div>
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The museum is consists of adjacent townhouses, some with moorish style, some from the 13th-15th Centuries, others newer. See <a href="http://www.bcn.cat/museupicasso/en/museum/buildings.html">http://www.bcn.cat/museupicasso/en/museum/buildings.html</a>/ The website itself offers the chronologies and schedules.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_fjTCkdyRjJsH1oEshSQXzxywvfH3N_Hp7f6tTw1jtHmb8xDMbkAe-mHp0YxgfWGPfBZmSaj-3yNUrHeKqMHkMl7nOGoJlEYEOWaQsHO_fhPtKYFQNHIHd3TTwH3GGHS8PqN7tQ/s1600/DSCN5789.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="237" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_fjTCkdyRjJsH1oEshSQXzxywvfH3N_Hp7f6tTw1jtHmb8xDMbkAe-mHp0YxgfWGPfBZmSaj-3yNUrHeKqMHkMl7nOGoJlEYEOWaQsHO_fhPtKYFQNHIHd3TTwH3GGHS8PqN7tQ/s320/DSCN5789.JPG" width="320" />Pablo Picasso Museum, Barcelona. Contrasts in design, relationship to light, eras.</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIp-niMi_IXs1ZwFBLOehUVKu2kz91dD4Gvh_0LG1SIFbXHA1_Lve52AmFeARGRpTgdlD47b5Uuzk3JdnJTilwLtF2Y6culbfwnMHcwJ2wtOlC-FT9-ZEL_FSUXTlnT6jLOuPpuA/s1600/DSCN5788.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIp-niMi_IXs1ZwFBLOehUVKu2kz91dD4Gvh_0LG1SIFbXHA1_Lve52AmFeARGRpTgdlD47b5Uuzk3JdnJTilwLtF2Y6culbfwnMHcwJ2wtOlC-FT9-ZEL_FSUXTlnT6jLOuPpuA/s320/DSCN5788.JPG" width="320" />Picasso Museum, Barcelona. Moorish evolved into Renaissance in parts. </a></div>
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The buildings are independent of the styles of work inside.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivD0-CW57MHZ1X6svGqfX51i2iigH074t_TF0LTX5jFdfK_O24EZjivFMBG2cTegj7_j7F4mvEzal0FM2JiFGSBBvw1_muZ7eZ55ehO4FdxUPdBFCzt96IuUru45rozXTTTr1qZQ/s1600/DSCN5791.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivD0-CW57MHZ1X6svGqfX51i2iigH074t_TF0LTX5jFdfK_O24EZjivFMBG2cTegj7_j7F4mvEzal0FM2JiFGSBBvw1_muZ7eZ55ehO4FdxUPdBFCzt96IuUru45rozXTTTr1qZQ/s320/DSCN5791.JPG" width="320" />Dedication, Pablo Picasso, at Museum, Barcelona</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTBeHz_6Df2aLASdjMVlb87LjtmaA-wxsWRX9OlcsKn0NPlAxylueCWz05pCKNmpP4flmekWwrSjLd8nXdOnPfldH6-UbTseApa8OpwcaJ0ZZfrVQzXzTU5iW866Pxts_Iu0bUhA/s1600/DSCN5786.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTBeHz_6Df2aLASdjMVlb87LjtmaA-wxsWRX9OlcsKn0NPlAxylueCWz05pCKNmpP4flmekWwrSjLd8nXdOnPfldH6-UbTseApa8OpwcaJ0ZZfrVQzXzTU5iW866Pxts_Iu0bUhA/s320/DSCN5786.JPG" width="320" />Pablo Picasso Museum, Barcelona. Outdoor stairway connecting levels of the palaces comprising the mussr</a></div>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-69099667415276715502013-09-13T11:41:00.002-04:002013-09-13T11:41:30.693-04:00Barcelona harbor - Christopher Columbus of Ambiguous Parentage<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Harbor at Barcelona. Voyages come to mind. Parts unknown. Climb about a galleon. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUllZRuKYffm-e1yAz50-z8lFKY4MKfO0XQjEfTJEypRdoEeg7z0JZnVo2VNwGFdWmR5tgPw7gPblqKjjXpdXlDNsbqqVLH1fMgf8ur1cHPlwg8sPiVZ727ZPphGtK-OThmiJLWg/s1600/DSCN5683.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUllZRuKYffm-e1yAz50-z8lFKY4MKfO0XQjEfTJEypRdoEeg7z0JZnVo2VNwGFdWmR5tgPw7gPblqKjjXpdXlDNsbqqVLH1fMgf8ur1cHPlwg8sPiVZ727ZPphGtK-OThmiJLWg/s320/DSCN5683.JPG" width="320" />Galleon, Barcelona. Pinta-Nina-Santa Maria type. Christopher Columbus. .v</a></div>
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Who was this Christopher Columbus, with the many spellings depending on the language. Here he points west, from a very high vantage point at the harbor, a Catalan area and Catalans, too, claim him. See <a href="http://www.christopher-columbus.eu/who-was-columbus/catalan.htm">http://www.christopher-columbus.eu/who-was-columbus/catalan.htm</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLyAsk570DEAb3HdTIQ5M1iA7h_Tr6BtZxqTqQEzqp_5woH9qxRjJOHIksMQIf75oCE6uKFBzhvHezly8eI062FB95Mko3ZzZaziTUDYw3S5GxcemCFcmyOXfYtgoPJP3ERKVuaQ/s1600/DSCN5685.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLyAsk570DEAb3HdTIQ5M1iA7h_Tr6BtZxqTqQEzqp_5woH9qxRjJOHIksMQIf75oCE6uKFBzhvHezly8eI062FB95Mko3ZzZaziTUDYw3S5GxcemCFcmyOXfYtgoPJP3ERKVuaQ/s320/DSCN5685.JPG" width="176" />Barcelona harbor, Christopher Columbus.</a></div>
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There is disagreement, and many theories, about his parentage. This lecture supposed him to have been a Greek nobleman. See <a href="http://www.prometheas.org/Events_flyers/Christopher_Columbus.pdfv">http://www.prometheas.org/Events_flyers/Christopher_Columbus.pdfv.</a></div>
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Others stay with the traditional Genoa, Italy connection, with parents who were poor. Others say he is the illegitimate son of a Spanish monarch. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgngzSsublNnJsshTJrXvwn4nyTrjUrKecTZ8T3IjxBYPRbThfaJu89ibfDiCX4bO92YfuqFasMqRd4Kek_al2rDjkPqeTfYZEBSH8eoG-9hAQ87OjkTX99sdU4hMVhCxD-jaUcVA/s1600/DSCN5687.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="229" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgngzSsublNnJsshTJrXvwn4nyTrjUrKecTZ8T3IjxBYPRbThfaJu89ibfDiCX4bO92YfuqFasMqRd4Kek_al2rDjkPqeTfYZEBSH8eoG-9hAQ87OjkTX99sdU4hMVhCxD-jaUcVA/s320/DSCN5687.JPG" width="320" />Christopher Columbus: From whom came his education.</a></div>
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Regardless of scholarship, most of us learn by osmosis, by looking at pictures, absorbing impressions, and the monument offers a noble view. Too saccharine. As an adult, these kinds of monuments do not hold attention for long. Just long enough to snap and look up later.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0iqjXLpvSZLxXV5LQ9ut2iR2yu1qfBbza9QCVnMoX5fxaQot0V58CZIo9Ijhk3CtDQqUumPklpozQgmH86ljSoftMj-zQ-vv5MKt_hPEj1RzL4WOFrAyuYGpHvdg95ceApM_nXg/s1600/DSCN5688.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0iqjXLpvSZLxXV5LQ9ut2iR2yu1qfBbza9QCVnMoX5fxaQot0V58CZIo9Ijhk3CtDQqUumPklpozQgmH86ljSoftMj-zQ-vv5MKt_hPEj1RzL4WOFrAyuYGpHvdg95ceApM_nXg/s200/DSCN5688.JPG" width="200" />Colom, Columbus, Colon. Original name, to later spellings, Christopher Columbus.</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTrza74DLZuxT3BLu_zC3TB6POVxVNMk55UPto6-f1nc1oMNmb8nN3bfp6q6E4BeqyjOpvaIWwiFTK8KhlRNS64mU9v7dccPoRXrtmeiCGlFwETDb5OOkgbtWBwCSijAJToOOpjA/s1600/DSCN5690.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="149" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTrza74DLZuxT3BLu_zC3TB6POVxVNMk55UPto6-f1nc1oMNmb8nN3bfp6q6E4BeqyjOpvaIWwiFTK8KhlRNS64mU9v7dccPoRXrtmeiCGlFwETDb5OOkgbtWBwCSijAJToOOpjA/s200/DSCN5690.JPG" width="200" />Columbus, life of, Barcelona harbor.</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4oPf3hiXGc-wHvTLm9NfnLL368lcquNxsR7-Z52NPmNbi4aOuJXeamygXOlNE93QhmaI63SVXUFc8XLeeZLXC5VOdJZFmI3OLhdCgYb77XlUaVQM2EdN2cr7xxf2Kf7kffvf0kQ/s1600/DSCN5691.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4oPf3hiXGc-wHvTLm9NfnLL368lcquNxsR7-Z52NPmNbi4aOuJXeamygXOlNE93QhmaI63SVXUFc8XLeeZLXC5VOdJZFmI3OLhdCgYb77XlUaVQM2EdN2cr7xxf2Kf7kffvf0kQ/s200/DSCN5691.JPG" width="200" />Columbus did no wrong. Barcelona harbor. Vet.</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOkqDY5FWxrRE8ZDOFt_jSTM2tCI9Nn05oEm2fs4Dj5_1flJgXin65edZukCUTB49HsN-QHCmaP0NQcjP98KDDsUHAvJhV79pNMfOveqk5b_5amioGJI2fReVmKDHc9CycInW3Nw/s1600/DSCN5694.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOkqDY5FWxrRE8ZDOFt_jSTM2tCI9Nn05oEm2fs4Dj5_1flJgXin65edZukCUTB49HsN-QHCmaP0NQcjP98KDDsUHAvJhV79pNMfOveqk5b_5amioGJI2fReVmKDHc9CycInW3Nw/s200/DSCN5694.JPG" width="200" />Columbus, seeking financing? Barcelona harbor.</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwhxKxsnEHPofaXUGIeL_VNA1TILncB4IDCdQUMEC3HaUOAwIQwMJrC7IG2zAkdqiYP16VSg4aF2jMmjLuT-m_b76mFO33jwoFcq38wBK2A4kV7e5HL4hcGb9C8pbFD_PGvpbbvQ/s1600/DSCN5689.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwhxKxsnEHPofaXUGIeL_VNA1TILncB4IDCdQUMEC3HaUOAwIQwMJrC7IG2zAkdqiYP16VSg4aF2jMmjLuT-m_b76mFO33jwoFcq38wBK2A4kV7e5HL4hcGb9C8pbFD_PGvpbbvQ/s200/DSCN5689.JPG" width="200" />Queen Isabella made Columbus' first dreams come true. Barcelona harbor. </a></div>
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Should his landing in the new world be celebrated, along with the disease and violence that ensued? The Ayn Rand Institute touts the objectivism of individualism as the ultimate goal, not weighing goals of others so as to restrict one's own choices, and says, yes. See <a href="http://www.aynrand.org/site/PageServer?pagename=objectivism_columbus">http://www.aynrand.org/site/PageServer?pagename=objectivism_columbus</a>/. As a clearly superior culture, suggests the Rand article, those of the west can rest happy in whatever was or was not accomplished. Next?</div>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-11531930105726898052013-08-20T17:01:00.000-04:002013-08-23T18:46:51.375-04:00Terrassa in a Rush, near Barcelona, Spain. And Loss Will Have No Dominion.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Rosario in historic Terrassa, outside Barcelona. </b></div>
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<b>Rosario. A Universal Positive Spirit.</b></div>
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<b>Brave it all.</b></div>
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Retain Spirit Against Odds, is the unspoken lesson learned. </div>
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A Sense of Gratitude and Love. </div>
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Meet Rosario Who Has Seen It All.</div>
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Loss Will Not Prevail. Let There Be Fun!</div>
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Terrassa is historic, with old churches, a monastery, fine paintings, frescoes. It also is where Rosario lives. </div>
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Try visiting
a special person while on an improvised road trip. Suddenly we had to find specific places. And our old
GPS -- not up to the task of following changes in the now fine European
roadways -- left us in the lurch. </div>
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Here
is our formula for impossible choices. As tourists in a car, with
leaving and time dwindling, we found ourselves with </div>
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a) tempus fugit, combined
with</div>
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b) an old GPS, whose maps cannot be updated, and </div>
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c) we suddenly
were in wonderland.</div>
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On
a 4-6 lane EU superhighway in Spain, heading for a real Spanish meal at
a dear neighbor's mother's house in Terrasse, 1PM had been promised. </div>
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<li> The GPS, bless its defunct heart, shows that we are floating
topography-less, on a blue ground with an arrow floating about looking
where to land. Where is Terrassa! My Queendom for a direction! Will
that long sentence ever end! Keep driving until you see a sign, any
sign.</li>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTpIvCxJiNlnaUHBaTQTBMruSdFjQYrlUwnGX9XJYCo9GGRV1B9lSu3FqEkmTgam05TxqUx_CK2IV6_yW8bnbxufSNLd83UZ0Nb4eEARLmcxLy-mKlxjOUMayRs83n3sdJmS5eNw/s1600/P1080556.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTpIvCxJiNlnaUHBaTQTBMruSdFjQYrlUwnGX9XJYCo9GGRV1B9lSu3FqEkmTgam05TxqUx_CK2IV6_yW8bnbxufSNLd83UZ0Nb4eEARLmcxLy-mKlxjOUMayRs83n3sdJmS5eNw/s320/P1080556.JPG" width="320" />Dan Widing and Rosario. To life. </a></div>
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Rosario is retired, but tireless. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHRe5nPgs7UCyICvZZKX-tU1ZwIhIyNrXOucv9IP7F1pQEXa0hjHD2BxVs3URTHcXb_aaoL0VL_at7lc7w-VTlqV05c3MxyU7tzU1VWi6IyDYA1K2PxzGF0ysh9jIhFGqJOXvlpA/s1600/P1080557.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHRe5nPgs7UCyICvZZKX-tU1ZwIhIyNrXOucv9IP7F1pQEXa0hjHD2BxVs3URTHcXb_aaoL0VL_at7lc7w-VTlqV05c3MxyU7tzU1VWi6IyDYA1K2PxzGF0ysh9jIhFGqJOXvlpA/s320/P1080557.JPG" width="320" />Rosario the chef. Midday meal in Terrassa</a></div>
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The freshest of tomatoes, olive oil, garlic, breads, rabbit stew. And jamon, that fine Spanish ham. And -- as is wise in Spain as anywhere, water served alongside the wine glasses. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGeLJa-5PFipph1NAEf81WbrORmfqy-wQPyGaZ89YPBc7rrC-MPqawHH0_SnVYrkxFmcY8E57RdwAYrDNgGdZIKTRgCBMIUkGezHxtYEwMk21lS1dp_z2HN_1Uin6Sbxl7uZLHOQ/s1600/P1080553.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGeLJa-5PFipph1NAEf81WbrORmfqy-wQPyGaZ89YPBc7rrC-MPqawHH0_SnVYrkxFmcY8E57RdwAYrDNgGdZIKTRgCBMIUkGezHxtYEwMk21lS1dp_z2HN_1Uin6Sbxl7uZLHOQ/s320/P1080553.JPG" width="320" />Rosario and her family photos, and Dan. Terassa, Spain.</a></div>
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Rosario fled Spain with her children, as a widow, into France, when Franco came to power. Then she returned, and, in time, the last child rejoined the family. One son is now gone. Immigration, fleeing, the unknown. We know little of that. The human side of travel: learning what others have lived through, and came out blooming.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzintJMLeLTochhNtKYOT4EnyiJ-JjenepeMfgpc4qzF-bYolf2nosRRegXPkG6JfgR5cPDs1GZ48nhJ_se__Nxx7rtXBtdHDknyvV9u594IUIJBYQmxCOvDo3_4O3X-nnq3Sk8w/s1600/P1080547.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzintJMLeLTochhNtKYOT4EnyiJ-JjenepeMfgpc4qzF-bYolf2nosRRegXPkG6JfgR5cPDs1GZ48nhJ_se__Nxx7rtXBtdHDknyvV9u594IUIJBYQmxCOvDo3_4O3X-nnq3Sk8w/s320/P1080547.JPG" width="320" />Rosario and Daniel Widing -- her visits to the US are great fun.</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzintJMLeLTochhNtKYOT4EnyiJ-JjenepeMfgpc4qzF-bYolf2nosRRegXPkG6JfgR5cPDs1GZ48nhJ_se__Nxx7rtXBtdHDknyvV9u594IUIJBYQmxCOvDo3_4O3X-nnq3Sk8w/s1600/P1080547.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
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Rushing to our arrival time, we passed sights clamoring to be seen, but Rosario comes first. She has visited in our area and we love her. <br />
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At the end of a fantasy trip, this was a grounding day for us. What does regular person's home look like, a welcome home-coming literally, even someone else's home, after the immersion in history we love in our touring life.<br />
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Dan and I have seen castles and costumes, so much of the marvelous, cruel, class-stratified beautiful, autonomy-killing, deadly places in Europe where rich and poor lived and died. Visit those places and breathe the drama of feudalism, invasions, Civil Wars (that thrust our Rosario and her children in an escape to France, to Carcassonne, years ago, and back. Modest, hard-working, now sustaining herself in a pensioner's home as all those who in later years deserve after playing by the rules. She exerted great effort and resourcefulness and productivity, now with children who adore her, but who span Spain, and the US, by way of Ecuador.<br />
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Try this. Whether or not productive, no elderly and noone who for other reasons is not working largely because of stacked decks, everyone even, deserves a dignified life, a dignified end. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicRHeNZxVoZijjGVp_l5wD94Vs4M245HQEgxD9f0Ss8Kvr8PMTGom0IIuEarM6Vxhn8cS4A9Q_QGhk_fw4sszI9vBcTbShlmYj8klV42mKC5YuLHJKX6rW-F2ZjUGoYsH4ifF1FA/s1600/P1080551.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="174" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicRHeNZxVoZijjGVp_l5wD94Vs4M245HQEgxD9f0Ss8Kvr8PMTGom0IIuEarM6Vxhn8cS4A9Q_QGhk_fw4sszI9vBcTbShlmYj8klV42mKC5YuLHJKX6rW-F2ZjUGoYsH4ifF1FA/s320/P1080551.JPG" width="320" />Rosario and family; and Daniel Widing included. Terassa, Spain.</a></div>
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Our neighbors are at the upper right -- in the US. Travel. Ties. Educate, expand your own child. Go places. Who but you can fill in history and cultures and humanities, when the schools stop. Can we ever meet our human obligations to our elderly, our handicapped. Love capitalism, perhaps, but let it kick in with its exploitation of the unwary, unable, careless, after the safety net is established, not to take from anyone's dignity before.<br />
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-6209822051642749892013-08-20T16:58:00.002-04:002013-08-20T17:01:12.555-04:00Lleida. La Seu Vella Cathedral.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghzwDecG4LNGX1MCEz64yclrb_HrXbX6tnvub2NziRjtyglDRra1ll3jbqra7noklGQpfcnTYqmCdh0SrgL47tpGGtaVFgfjrHpo8Nakppvwaj1TXTHuqKMoIs8oJNEK2SJHDiDg/s1600/P1080546.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghzwDecG4LNGX1MCEz64yclrb_HrXbX6tnvub2NziRjtyglDRra1ll3jbqra7noklGQpfcnTYqmCdh0SrgL47tpGGtaVFgfjrHpo8Nakppvwaj1TXTHuqKMoIs8oJNEK2SJHDiDg/s320/P1080546.JPG" width="320" />La Seu Vella Cathedral, Lleida, Spain</a></div>
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This town houses the third oldest university in Spain: the University of Lleida, founded 1297. Settlements here are traced to the bronze age. The name comes from an early population, the Llergets, and the area was Llerda under Rome's Caesar Augustus. In a mountainous area, people fled here for refuge from various invasions, and the town was destroyed-rebuilt-destroyed-rebuilt. Rome, medieval wars, Moorish occupation, the Spanish Civil War.<br />
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The city had been conquered by the Moors in the 800's, then reconquered in 1149.<br />
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The tower is the Cathedral, La Seu Vella, a/k/a Lleida Castle. Built in 1203, the tower was completed in 1431. See it at <a href="http://www.inspain.org/en/sites/theoldcathedraloflleidalaseuvella.asp">http://www.inspain.org/en/sites/theoldcathedraloflleidalaseuvella.asp</a>/. With time, study the doorways there. </div>
Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-71077218197647147672013-08-14T16:48:00.001-04:002013-08-20T16:59:51.376-04:00Benabarre; Castle at Benabarre, La Seu Vella Cathedral, Lleida<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Start the climb to the castle, up the stairs of the town, and look much farther to the top, tower just visible. This site originally had been Romanesque, then a castle was built by Moors to protect their positions against Christian Counts. It became a military landmark, see a page translation for <a href="http://www.geocaching.com/seek/cache_details.aspx?guid=fcf710c3-e4ef-460f-a6ff-df3fe5fa08c5">http://www.geocaching.com/seek/cache_details.aspx?guid=fcf710c3-e4ef-460f-a6ff-df3fe5fa08c5</a>. Some castles in Spain are defensive against Moors, others are defensive against Christians.<br />
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The parish church, Santa Maria, is also here, 15th century. The bell tower is 16th Century, built on the earlier Romanesque church. Build, destroy, build, destroy. <br />
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We were running out of time and breath, and did not go up. Pedro Garcia de Benabarra, renaissance artist, painted a panel of a large altarpiece then installed at Lleida, below, and now at the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston. See <a href="http://www.gardnermuseum.org/collection/browse?filter=artist:3296">http://www.gardnermuseum.org/collection/browse?filter=artist:3296</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFDNzeOwRpXlFLwAdGuq2gosggX6psBO_-2AN9hSKHX4fH0zjGO53TrDhrp373sHTeDatqyXd6wTUXQ9TJgcQ2UepVUUujdG_vQYFRLffhT2DLiOsKVlPYv4Ng4njP17k1Tw-1ag/s1600/P1080542.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFDNzeOwRpXlFLwAdGuq2gosggX6psBO_-2AN9hSKHX4fH0zjGO53TrDhrp373sHTeDatqyXd6wTUXQ9TJgcQ2UepVUUujdG_vQYFRLffhT2DLiOsKVlPYv4Ng4njP17k1Tw-1ag/s320/P1080542.JPG" width="214" />Benabarre Castle, Spain. Long climb.</a></div>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-31448192423401268262013-08-14T16:25:00.001-04:002013-08-14T16:25:37.511-04:00Graus. Puente de Abajo; Bridge, Rivers, After hours<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Late afternoon. The medieval bridge, over the River Esera. On a smaller scale here, the pointed arch resembles the bridge at <a href="http://bosniaroadways.blogspot.com/2006/10/balkans-mostar-wars-and-resuming-life.html">Mostar, Bosnia</a>. <br />
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Puente de Abajo was built in the 11th Century, wide enough for a cart to cross. Repairs were made in the 14th century. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpbDp6oukZjxJO_JPnWv69GHwmLQ1yuHKrqetV_Qz1mT2ZgulB88hmgXx6xCNP99TrFOKhlHdr04pKGH3EGx1tCkdevAz4KsiAMxOB-l_Q15CI7ZPandH_Xmma6xr6p-3xdXwpog/s1600/P1080450.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpbDp6oukZjxJO_JPnWv69GHwmLQ1yuHKrqetV_Qz1mT2ZgulB88hmgXx6xCNP99TrFOKhlHdr04pKGH3EGx1tCkdevAz4KsiAMxOB-l_Q15CI7ZPandH_Xmma6xr6p-3xdXwpog/s320/P1080450.JPG" width="320" />Graus, Spain. Puente de Abajo; medieval bridge</a></div>
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Graus: where the River Isabena meets the River Esera. This is the Esera.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0vOEN9Lyfi3dJjkA-d-RycJmvTxpqiTkBH783cm4OvnS-3PCVX6x4qRNUQkVdpJPMnlvycBp-5uEQnufv_yKTMZo30YxS97iXL3v2tU0fBnCBLCurqbkkYmsa94hci0_7SgYtDg/s1600/P1080451.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0vOEN9Lyfi3dJjkA-d-RycJmvTxpqiTkBH783cm4OvnS-3PCVX6x4qRNUQkVdpJPMnlvycBp-5uEQnufv_yKTMZo30YxS97iXL3v2tU0fBnCBLCurqbkkYmsa94hci0_7SgYtDg/s320/P1080451.JPG" width="320" />Graus, Spain. River Esera.</a></div>
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There is white water rafting on the Esera River, but not here.<br />
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Gorge, outside town. Relax.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCf9SnhABsKJturKJKgTWwoNtYi-hPwhUHHCQ6Qm6h-aZ06SAuOCd3RqNyKN2wiqI0q9USHbCJSbhPc_s4vHKXeGFaFMNrpjcgrDbq-IH1VNKlplrDR_jRbN8u1LQWB3MNj7as1g/s1600/P1080452.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCf9SnhABsKJturKJKgTWwoNtYi-hPwhUHHCQ6Qm6h-aZ06SAuOCd3RqNyKN2wiqI0q9USHbCJSbhPc_s4vHKXeGFaFMNrpjcgrDbq-IH1VNKlplrDR_jRbN8u1LQWB3MNj7as1g/s320/P1080452.JPG" width="320" />Graus, Spain; after hours</a></div>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-85380754838083213462013-08-12T18:33:00.000-04:002013-08-12T18:33:05.161-04:00Graus. Church of San Miguel. Religion Repurposed?. <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Church of San Miguel, Graus, Spain.</b></div>
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<b>Architectural Clues to History.</b><br />
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<b>Religious site. Romanesque first, then Muslim? Back to Roman Catholic.</b><br />
<b>Interior of San Miguel. And the Steeple-Minaret. </b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSL4egluhrfXTAcsNBN5uxyR5Bi1V1CAjq5K6RUwLFxTzw1QyZ6-h4GhhPJX0NQVpxCssfnzMHpX17MOpPP4qHo3pNtc1HSXzpwspqB7oMd3O0m2zjes_r7oXPhreq5yRnFj1zKw/s1600/P1080482.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" jsa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSL4egluhrfXTAcsNBN5uxyR5Bi1V1CAjq5K6RUwLFxTzw1QyZ6-h4GhhPJX0NQVpxCssfnzMHpX17MOpPP4qHo3pNtc1HSXzpwspqB7oMd3O0m2zjes_r7oXPhreq5yRnFj1zKw/s320/P1080482.JPG" width="320" />Church of San Miguel, Graus, Spain. Minaret / Steeple. </a><br />
teeple?<br />
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The Church of San Miguel in Graus is on a side street, Romanesque in style, easily overlooked. Romanesque. That does not tell us much about its history. Romanesque as an architectural style covers an era ranging from 600-1000 AD. But Moors occupied Spain, beginning 700 in the south, and moving out and around until they
were defeated by the Catholic Isabella and Ferdinand in 1492. Moors occupied the Huesca area, Graus included, since the 800's. See <a href="http://clio.missouristate.edu/chuchiak/HST%20350--Theme%207-Maps_of_the_muslim_conquest_of_s.htm">http://clio.missouristate.edu/chuchiak/HST%20350--Theme%207-Maps_of_the_muslim_conquest_of_s.htm</a>. Until the Reconquest, that is
some 700 years of Muslim rule in the area. What is the earliest date for a construction of a religious structure on this particular site? The history of Spain: Visigoths were the Christians before the Moors, is that so? See <a href="http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?ParagraphID=ecs">http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?ParagraphID=ecs</a><br />
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That presents an issue in identifying origins, or repurposing of buildings.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Repurposed buildings. Moors occupied Spain (700-1492). So, was this building constructed before the Moors arrived in this particular place? Or was it constructed in the older style, after the Moors had prevailed. There are elements of Christian, Jewish, Islam.</li>
</ul>
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<li>Is it, instead, an early Romanesque structure, repurposed into a Mosque, then repurposed back. Do parts of it predate or coincide with the occupation? For a primer on Romanesque, see <a href="http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Romanesque_architecture.html">http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Romanesque_architecture.html</a>. The steeple part looks more like a minaret than a Romanesque steeple. Did a mosque repurpose an old Romanesque Church, or did the church repurpose a mosque?</li>
</ul>
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1. Could religions really coexist. We don't do well now. Did earlier groups do better?<br />
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We know that Christians and Jews could practice their religions under the Caliphate, the Moorish occupation from 700-800 to1492, give or take, with
tax and status restrictions, under that Muslim rule. Interesting. <br />
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Muslims conquered most of the Iberian peninsula, but did not respond against the locals by forcing them to leave, or forcing them to convert to Islam. Any who did not convert could remain, subject to some but not onerous restrictions, compared to death. The Muslims did not expel Christians or Jews, but incorporated their talents, again with restrictions if they chose to remain. See <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/spain_1.shtml">http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/spain_1.shtml</a>.<br />
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<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Digression. Who really started persecution against other religions, Christians in Europe, with their heretic persecutions and killings; or Muslim, who offered choices, including remaining and practicing one's own religion, but with taxation and status restrictions. Or leave.</li>
<li> It was only with Spain's Catholic Ferdinand and Isabella, and the reconquest in 1492, that Christian approved history adopted formal forced expulsion of Jews from Spain, those who would
not convert to Catholicism. Nice. Who is more "Christian" - the
coexisting Muslims over 600 years; or the Christian persecutors forcing
their ways on others. And, confiscating their property. Leave, but with nothing.</li>
</ul>
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2. Dates. So, what is the date of this
Church? It has undergone several periods of change. The exterior
remains simple and Romanesque, see <a href="http://www.spain.info/en/que-quieres/ciudades-pueblos/otros-destinos/graus.html">http://www.spain.info/en/que-quieres/ciudades-pueblos/otros-destinos/graus.html</a><br />
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Wait for the baptism to conclude, and then explore further. The interior worship area at the front, the apse-end, is not Romanesque in appearance, except for the rounded arches. It looks traditional Christian. This rite is totally Roman Christian. We sat through it. This section looks like any Catholic Church anywhere. Fungible.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhySTMCWI0JCv2Dt0nsrOe_pYplkGxzjuSryJ6xpfrkTOxMmUyH6ViNbDtelWe4l8vTEIz1Q69za6Kh58zaHwc9OFqZ3IZr1pfeGxy9ewmfVQHvzHnie1Wfbd1-Mbs2s0oEmxlrUQ/s1600/P1080468.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhySTMCWI0JCv2Dt0nsrOe_pYplkGxzjuSryJ6xpfrkTOxMmUyH6ViNbDtelWe4l8vTEIz1Q69za6Kh58zaHwc9OFqZ3IZr1pfeGxy9ewmfVQHvzHnie1Wfbd1-Mbs2s0oEmxlrUQ/s320/P1080468.JPG" width="320" />Church of San Miguel, Graus, Spain. Baptism. Altar panels, Crucifix.</a></div>
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The altar panels are Gothic, and date from 1450-1500. The crucifix was donated in honor of Graus' patron saint, San Vicente Ferrer, in the year 1415. San Vicente Ferrer: Big festivities bubble and dance up the town, with the town's signature sausage, annually, see September fiesta that we missed. Overviews at <a href="http://articulos.altoaragon.org/i_osca87.htm">http://articulos.altoaragon.org/i_osca87.htm</a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyLzn6zh2GYaopslr2Zp561BjuXjSDhZnD0L_3IJcLd4nw0n0sV7uHP_xochc1as_yLZMat_QWjG_eVpmEysA6QjbZBT_wbriTFee6t-NmYtO-5dmPfghJtmK5oy5hiKxFKa7Vyw/s1600/DSCN5662.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyLzn6zh2GYaopslr2Zp561BjuXjSDhZnD0L_3IJcLd4nw0n0sV7uHP_xochc1as_yLZMat_QWjG_eVpmEysA6QjbZBT_wbriTFee6t-NmYtO-5dmPfghJtmK5oy5hiKxFKa7Vyw/s320/DSCN5662.JPG" width="320" />San Miguel, Graus, Spain. Mural. Dedication. Details?</a> <br />
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3. History shows not in the apse, at the altar area, but in the "cross beam" of the cruciform structure now in place for the shape of the church, and in the lower upright beam of that kind of structure. Rounder churches from earlier days were forcibly recreated to look like crosses after the Roman system prevailed. </div>
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Cruciform churches had not been the rule before the rise of Rome's version. In earlier times, there were round churches in Christendom. Mostly. Charlemagne's chapel is round, so are many others. See Egalitarian. The priest equally accessible, all sides, all people. No secrets. The cruciform imposition came with dogma and hierarchy.</div>
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Older dates. The more interesting elements of San Miguel are the older traces of times past:</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzg31GEN6pWUFBTI1VtsmEp6inzHP_zftWCdtsBILiJT_p1vMpMvX3whlFqPimaJLDAd65q__efe1s6rfXBDcmUm6uPRUKV9hMbAOXkJHNWmpFUhCZAT9IMQNOUCv2zBJ3rqpz9A/s1600/P1080474.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzg31GEN6pWUFBTI1VtsmEp6inzHP_zftWCdtsBILiJT_p1vMpMvX3whlFqPimaJLDAd65q__efe1s6rfXBDcmUm6uPRUKV9hMbAOXkJHNWmpFUhCZAT9IMQNOUCv2zBJ3rqpz9A/s320/P1080474.JPG" width="320" />San Miguel, Romanesque portion remains. But note pointed as well as rounded arches. </a></div>
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Were the pointed arches because the building was originally a Mosque? It is claimed to be Romanesque, so these would not have been Gothic structures. Both Muslim and Gothic used pointed arches. And Muslim and Romanesque used rounded. This is why we go to less-travelled sites. Find traces without agenda added.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBY7hRKNuZ9OAUuvN-deian31dDQd6iSGmziminoQxArzbJCfuZslneEhFFbXHuTVAViovvBY__hvxho5ezhOXWn81xSwoQ-89Ap9VQK0bZ8Pfff0fg5uf2GFM_oPSWoH9sUMKEA/s1600/P1080475.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBY7hRKNuZ9OAUuvN-deian31dDQd6iSGmziminoQxArzbJCfuZslneEhFFbXHuTVAViovvBY__hvxho5ezhOXWn81xSwoQ-89Ap9VQK0bZ8Pfff0fg5uf2GFM_oPSWoH9sUMKEA/s320/P1080475.JPG" width="213" />San Migue, Graus, Spain. Pointed arches are also Muslim, or later Gothic. Was this structure originally a mosque? or iwas it, for a time, repurposed Romanesque Christian.</a></div>
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3. Look up, at the apex of converging arches. Whose symbolism visually, if not struturally, anchors the arches?</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDhwhKJdhYoa_I21G2RpRxz7bMetOTP2jmxLvpyArVChLK5PRzLKx74jzASu2-Q-GQYWFqIsuwleRHVJoihnkW1-I30M_c_NaaIO3d3YZRNCon9PHcTH0e-UtewgcZc6IXG1qnIg/s1600/P1080477.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDhwhKJdhYoa_I21G2RpRxz7bMetOTP2jmxLvpyArVChLK5PRzLKx74jzASu2-Q-GQYWFqIsuwleRHVJoihnkW1-I30M_c_NaaIO3d3YZRNCon9PHcTH0e-UtewgcZc6IXG1qnIg/s320/P1080477.JPG" width="210" />San Miguel, Graus, Spain. Apex, Repurposing. Non-Convergence of arches. Is this a representation of a Pilgrim, Way of Saint James?</a></div>
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Is that a pilgrim hat, for the Way of Saint James, one of the medieval (and contemporary) pilgrimage routes to Santiago de Compostela. at the Portuguese end of Spain, north, west.<br />
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Keep your eyes off the glitz of the Gothic, there at the Baptism area, and instead focus more on the older areas for roots.Then look up again.<br />
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This apex symbol, again where Romanesque-Muslim arches converge, the contact point looks dogmatic; looks Celtic, even Irish. There is a central Crucifix form, then the heraldic-shaped shields, with target in two, shield triangle in one, and cross in another. This looks old, but that assessment would take an expert. What are those symbols?<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfUwCpBLhfguQTMsdsw_ILDtZsFMuMb4BtuyEZLmGO3wl3SomberuuKhjg03a8S0nERzV76MgdSEwuzAsmgXmgGIIJO89L-F58prLePy14DClGLcaVazlYTEBsAelzi9RnTk-F8Q/s1600/P1080476.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfUwCpBLhfguQTMsdsw_ILDtZsFMuMb4BtuyEZLmGO3wl3SomberuuKhjg03a8S0nERzV76MgdSEwuzAsmgXmgGIIJO89L-F58prLePy14DClGLcaVazlYTEBsAelzi9RnTk-F8Q/s320/P1080476.JPG" width="213" />Saint Michael, Graus, Spain. Apex of vaulting, Crucifix, then sheild heraldry, enclosed triancle, cross, target circles?</a></div>
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Showing the old history of changes, the arches seen from inside are off-kilter, suggesting repurposing, rebuilding, reconstruction. From what? Which came first? All the changes at The San Miguel Church, cannot all be reconciled. See how the arches here do not meet at the same point. which is before, which is later. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQ_eHC5MSnfxL6i9-0YxlHIridUB93w-jW82XRzSRen1XgRBmfvFPaMMHmUgCSnUI5qdFPsQ6QT9h8J25eYgbaeExsA-giNZwR8mYKZ-U_XGDQ4P9cyd3e2ML42IR0rcEuLwD94Q/s1600/P1080478.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQ_eHC5MSnfxL6i9-0YxlHIridUB93w-jW82XRzSRen1XgRBmfvFPaMMHmUgCSnUI5qdFPsQ6QT9h8J25eYgbaeExsA-giNZwR8mYKZ-U_XGDQ4P9cyd3e2ML42IR0rcEuLwD94Q/s320/P1080478.JPG" width="320" />San Miguel. Graus. Spain. Arches do not converge. Which experts can trace origin? </a></div>
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Then look agaom at eye level. Find different symbolism at a side area:<br />
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First, the Ten Commandments, and then a coat of arms. The Ten Commandments. Both Jewish and Christian. What is the Koran position? No idea. So, was this Jewish-Christian tradition. When was this circular apse on the side constructed? See the Ten Commandments, and then, below, another representation.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGhzw0hJYukGwmDPh-NcHZy60HpQVnqzXhYcqBAVBtbmcQ7OlcJKftBOOK-Lb3NKhuQz6LKmA_Ut35yACalQPbYPDSpn0xR_TZFoBJcjGoOljrbijUryZYMTnqvZcyNOpfg47BJQ/s1600/P1080471.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGhzw0hJYukGwmDPh-NcHZy60HpQVnqzXhYcqBAVBtbmcQ7OlcJKftBOOK-Lb3NKhuQz6LKmA_Ut35yACalQPbYPDSpn0xR_TZFoBJcjGoOljrbijUryZYMTnqvZcyNOpfg47BJQ/s320/P1080471.JPG" width="213" />San Miguel, Graus, Spain. Mosaic, large tile, Ten Commandments. And, lower area, a coat of arms</a></div>
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The lower symbol: It looks like a coat of arms. Which?<br />
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Now: Peer at the shape on top of that lower symbol. Is that the large-brimmed hat worn
by pilgrims on the Way of Saint James? If so, we would expect a scallop
shell to firm up the identification. Coat of arms is in four
quadrants, check the elements.<br />
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This is the Coat of Arms of Alonso of Aragon, Archbishop of Zaragoza and Valencia,
and Lieutenant General of Aragon looks like the symbol in San Miguel,
Graus, found at Wikimedia Commons. Tassles, not scales, not bells. Now, what
cross displays the double bar? Recall that in early "Christian"
expansion days, popes and clergy went off to war and killed like anybody
else. See Roncesvalles, <i>Song of Roland</i> (Charlemagne era). </div>
<a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ACoat_of_Arms_of_Archbishop_Alonso_of_Aragon.svg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" title="By Heralder [CC-BY-SA-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)], via Wikimedia Commons">Coat of Arms, Alonzo of Aragon, Archbishop<img alt="Coat of Arms of Archbishop Alonso of Aragon" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Coat_of_Arms_of_Archbishop_Alonso_of_Aragon.svg/256px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Archbishop_Alonso_of_Aragon.svg.png" width="256" />Wikimedia </a><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ACoat_of_Arms_of_Archbishop_Alonso_of_Aragon.svg" title="By Heralder [CC-BY-SA-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)], via Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyLzn6zh2GYaopslr2Zp561BjuXjSDhZnD0L_3IJcLd4nw0n0sV7uHP_xochc1as_yLZMat_QWjG_eVpmEysA6QjbZBT_wbriTFee6t-NmYtO-5dmPfghJtmK5oy5hiKxFKa7Vyw/s1600/DSCN5662.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
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This may be Saint James, scallop shell suspended on the shaft, large brimmed hat. Graus, as other towns in the Province of Huesca, is on the route of the Way of Saint James, all finally converging after Pamplona. The Way itself is many routes. The Spanish consider the Pyrenees to be the real beginning, those arriving from France being preliminaries. On the way: to Santiago as El Camino de Santiago </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCAc43UiMtsrgqL2d01SEewoUEk7BJON8w7RIQxjg8Z8eHd9peDpJtrC917NakHjy-8gU4SV8VyccCq8-NlBEiYz5xfC8mNSyuUpj2rwmz_QSDnaCXw-QfIi45G5ajDl09J9xUaA/s1600/P1080469.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCAc43UiMtsrgqL2d01SEewoUEk7BJON8w7RIQxjg8Z8eHd9peDpJtrC917NakHjy-8gU4SV8VyccCq8-NlBEiYz5xfC8mNSyuUpj2rwmz_QSDnaCXw-QfIi45G5ajDl09J9xUaA/s320/P1080469.JPG" width="139" />San Miguel Church, possible St. James statue, Way of Saint James</a></div>
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What is this coat of arms? </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcbM_m4IK72f8K_vQaRKkls9Dth7U3Yq5Qip0yXmi8VhdcrDRIj4AyWz2Ew8SLRNJ43bPGVViDbr7Uwv84SM8aTxy3pWuVD1R7nD4Z7KY6_UtksCdas5CAcCgXgobUNITVehJmdg/s1600/P1080473.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcbM_m4IK72f8K_vQaRKkls9Dth7U3Yq5Qip0yXmi8VhdcrDRIj4AyWz2Ew8SLRNJ43bPGVViDbr7Uwv84SM8aTxy3pWuVD1R7nD4Z7KY6_UtksCdas5CAcCgXgobUNITVehJmdg/s320/P1080473.JPG" width="266" />kk</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY6KNUGprIZXQ-gcrSmeN20AjjgirGVHVcV-15JaiUPPum7ebmDicoTKH5_f47IS6wgZzBTTxJR_KQbzKROL7Y4VPrtoZVUixcHY-5P3b3jTP0R5lhEmYWZmuou1IVSDB5sn3eQw/s1600/P1080474.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">kk</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVGD5lopqmM0udettmwKFrvnDknf4j3FEnINFUjb9XIRwNW2w2t_NPaUqviwnncXQh5IECovp4-oq2eNENYziuPPDRX-iobFfP709TwgwYfsADgYO6yYbOUtXR6WpOXSybchJk8A/s1600/P1080477.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">nn</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0jZ-OKqppBoAGB-wUO2aOwI4s2ewJG3e5c88nBTCb-OT-Vleq7Dj_rNkpdyLVXOyMjqjrY99AYONXUH5b2CzIbrQEU6RE8rJ14jTP2o849exTi0we4uvJuNtR7-brgKtjeqnBog/s1600/P1080481.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0jZ-OKqppBoAGB-wUO2aOwI4s2ewJG3e5c88nBTCb-OT-Vleq7Dj_rNkpdyLVXOyMjqjrY99AYONXUH5b2CzIbrQEU6RE8rJ14jTP2o849exTi0we4uvJuNtR7-brgKtjeqnBog/s320/P1080481.JPG" width="214" />San Miguel, Graus, Spain. Baptismal font? But not Christian symbolism?</a></div>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-84362393973362444072013-08-05T11:34:00.001-04:002013-08-05T18:02:26.085-04:00Graus. Old, Ordinary Purpose Structures Survive.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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A fascination in Graus is the riches of old structures, especially ones used by ordinary people, or for routine purposes such as warehousing, storage. How were these buildings constructed, how did they stabilize arches, lintels, why does the wood still hold. Look at the ingenuity of construction.<br />
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Look at the number of courses of rubble, rock, worked stone, all mix. Moorish round arches, the rounded arch = Qoos ( قوس ) are found in the main square and look just like the Romanesque or Roman round arch, but for lesser folk, did the simple lintel, as used here, suffice. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6lEzWUrhhoGBM-c9d1Gd5PXnUgBtltew_aFBt2QAg7hLRJVQgYI5UK4BoPALyNeD8eMaGax7bYCO8-qtww2jNBvmghcis0hLvK1ctEy1_f6KEGwkf96KhpYdpOuTrkx5T6q9ehA/s1600/P1080497.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="208" jsa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6lEzWUrhhoGBM-c9d1Gd5PXnUgBtltew_aFBt2QAg7hLRJVQgYI5UK4BoPALyNeD8eMaGax7bYCO8-qtww2jNBvmghcis0hLvK1ctEy1_f6KEGwkf96KhpYdpOuTrkx5T6q9ehA/s320/P1080497.JPG" width="320" />Old row house. Or storehouse? Graus, Spain</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCaGQrktM1NO3DdVEiw6DE-fDU8WVvIIiCWhAxsVdEsVt7m4Q6RH3CPpi7K2gpqj7mGKdAcn8wMzPB2K_23PzPfkxfH_lgsLclLWwIk7l8SEIgqNTPlYfXxQMpsKcc8bfinYD0zA/s1600/P1080490.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" jsa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCaGQrktM1NO3DdVEiw6DE-fDU8WVvIIiCWhAxsVdEsVt7m4Q6RH3CPpi7K2gpqj7mGKdAcn8wMzPB2K_23PzPfkxfH_lgsLclLWwIk7l8SEIgqNTPlYfXxQMpsKcc8bfinYD0zA/s320/P1080490.JPG" width="212" />Row structure entry, wooden lintel doorway, Graus, Spain</a></div>
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Do these log ends mean a floor inside is propped by these as floorboards?<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW76Az1qWaN6_X8WZD-6gJK8yg8c3LpTehi39JKhcn67hBTBDjcykxVM09fZPNQpNa9KdzZ_xtcgjpQekuZCdCvsfTf6-VEBEv_Dk3k2d_xeHIj2TYbFBTuBF2hO4Tx2TlZtE0gA/s1600/P1080491.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" jsa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW76Az1qWaN6_X8WZD-6gJK8yg8c3LpTehi39JKhcn67hBTBDjcykxVM09fZPNQpNa9KdzZ_xtcgjpQekuZCdCvsfTf6-VEBEv_Dk3k2d_xeHIj2TYbFBTuBF2hO4Tx2TlZtE0gA/s320/P1080491.JPG" width="320" />Log ends, for floorboards inside? Graus, Spain structure.</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeZ7lA4sL3wRi1x2jp6z7yeUv8Zg85b1JQr7tf6-b9IQJa9sNdaB55_X_SGZTsr6fAx31-aJS8b9DgVDVCDkhL6GEyQOzbeEsfOw3_r6TzqoP6mPAgaqRN-d03dELOsajXaqy4YQ/s1600/P1080493.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="208" jsa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeZ7lA4sL3wRi1x2jp6z7yeUv8Zg85b1JQr7tf6-b9IQJa9sNdaB55_X_SGZTsr6fAx31-aJS8b9DgVDVCDkhL6GEyQOzbeEsfOw3_r6TzqoP6mPAgaqRN-d03dELOsajXaqy4YQ/s320/P1080493.JPG" width="320" />Barred window, storage structure (or homes?), Graus, Spain</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKGRFsRbDrOzSSAJ_9K2O4puQSIy0is4nPkuVcNrprJVPbtlCrTUx0WvgGCI6-bjKZB1Ik_R-6Y84t12Lg1QPNskn39ll2cSCaBpsONbUeZJTchkPWLMvRF8APFG-aFUSBnWOQnQ/s1600/P1080495.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" jsa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKGRFsRbDrOzSSAJ_9K2O4puQSIy0is4nPkuVcNrprJVPbtlCrTUx0WvgGCI6-bjKZB1Ik_R-6Y84t12Lg1QPNskn39ll2cSCaBpsONbUeZJTchkPWLMvRF8APFG-aFUSBnWOQnQ/s320/P1080495.JPG" width="320" />Log in wall, Graus, Spain</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTBrms8pZHgLPuNy-xJA3H5dHEYdLLMjR8xczh95FzHRcqiSVmBvRi2wR7gFjP391TUtd8Axiz4WSrSh_29go0ZK0pdtxaCOKne5KgWo9HAEO3a088W8DJTNjqWMs_FYO8x9PEhA/s1600/P1080496.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" jsa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTBrms8pZHgLPuNy-xJA3H5dHEYdLLMjR8xczh95FzHRcqiSVmBvRi2wR7gFjP391TUtd8Axiz4WSrSh_29go0ZK0pdtxaCOKne5KgWo9HAEO3a088W8DJTNjqWMs_FYO8x9PEhA/s320/P1080496.JPG" width="214" />Doorway, storage structure or servant-class home, Graus, Spain</a></div>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-8616325905353010472013-07-30T12:20:00.001-04:002013-08-20T16:45:22.787-04:00Graus. The Bishop's Palace. Palacio del Obispo, and Hotel Palacio del Obispo<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Graus had been the capital of the region, and old opulence in buildings remains. This fine hotel, Hotel Del Palacio Obispo, Palace of the Bishop, is at the historic district, and offers glimpses of the past in its 15th Century structure.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN8OJJqU_qQl0HV_XXcVxASU2KD50kb-DBy7Sd1iEvLpPWv0v9hVHMxDYRuXVEKd-KLLHa7dgvMzrWh1uY-ADKrVY6ailM9WEnfFvnXgfn_TdTGsHApB9rWmlZH4Zim7HvlUvknw/s1600/P1080518.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN8OJJqU_qQl0HV_XXcVxASU2KD50kb-DBy7Sd1iEvLpPWv0v9hVHMxDYRuXVEKd-KLLHa7dgvMzrWh1uY-ADKrVY6ailM9WEnfFvnXgfn_TdTGsHApB9rWmlZH4Zim7HvlUvknw/s320/P1080518.JPG" width="320" />Bishop's Palace, Palacio del Obispo, now Hotel Palacio del Obispo, Graus, Spain</a></div>
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Inside is sleek, modern.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRIN4MKYP0xU8-48BGXPD7ML9dnJ8qrh3IDoFFssqKk-7CGctwiQqfbA_vRRH3H5_NxJVJpc1aVSStLymyUWwYrqFoTLNIWtBjmZz8iU4e671YSTYb7JHrc3Q9pb9rl7ITOJpx-g/s1600/P1080536.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRIN4MKYP0xU8-48BGXPD7ML9dnJ8qrh3IDoFFssqKk-7CGctwiQqfbA_vRRH3H5_NxJVJpc1aVSStLymyUWwYrqFoTLNIWtBjmZz8iU4e671YSTYb7JHrc3Q9pb9rl7ITOJpx-g/s320/P1080536.JPG" width="320" />Interior, Hotel Palacio del Obispo</a></div>
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With echoes of the old.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOZKUOcJ3OnEv-w_6sl8evsI69lRUnGfTFPrO_j8N9741qgySqOgaBlxjVFs5MaNfYNRy2DwU5UtdephQsXvnJFRnQ_jo8GaTo5JuVCsFHthID7rR-3DuznPgnKQ12ZRsFL_b3Ew/s1600/P1080445.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" jsa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOZKUOcJ3OnEv-w_6sl8evsI69lRUnGfTFPrO_j8N9741qgySqOgaBlxjVFs5MaNfYNRy2DwU5UtdephQsXvnJFRnQ_jo8GaTo5JuVCsFHthID7rR-3DuznPgnKQ12ZRsFL_b3Ew/s320/P1080445.JPG" width="320" />Bishop's Palace Hotel, eclectic mix.</a></div>
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A town landmark is the Basilica of the Virgin of the Rock (Virgen de la Pena) clinging to the cliff just outside town. See it from the hotel room. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuYm9iTI3_19DjtD9OmOZxb4Gm2Er_qFJ6KsS3RqqrTLXi7awyoGsL6xI8OracpxNUY2vkWpV0M0SheXKyQHqAwuapvIujaVrIPh-G3qmHnwjgodvQpfhqnfUkylQRe2e9pkdwPQ/s1600/P1080533.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuYm9iTI3_19DjtD9OmOZxb4Gm2Er_qFJ6KsS3RqqrTLXi7awyoGsL6xI8OracpxNUY2vkWpV0M0SheXKyQHqAwuapvIujaVrIPh-G3qmHnwjgodvQpfhqnfUkylQRe2e9pkdwPQ/s320/P1080533.JPG" width="204" />View, Basilica de la Virgin of the Rock, from window of Hotel Palacio del Obispo, Graus, Spain</a></div>
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Wait for the sunrise to catch the summit, Basilica de la Virgen del Pena, Graus, Spain, from the hotel window. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcsAmN3jtNBV4TajqUE7Qb3doF1qE_AKeJidh3D0c1R3LR7F7CCfSGx5SVio_ZcTRo0mZ1typXzIvTBVEQ06OqmQAzeqf2mBZgJzj-3WdAcjZiSd1ycpIMAJEdN52FQEltspJ4SQ/s1600/P1080513.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcsAmN3jtNBV4TajqUE7Qb3doF1qE_AKeJidh3D0c1R3LR7F7CCfSGx5SVio_ZcTRo0mZ1typXzIvTBVEQ06OqmQAzeqf2mBZgJzj-3WdAcjZiSd1ycpIMAJEdN52FQEltspJ4SQ/s320/P1080513.JPG" width="320" />Room at hotel (Bishop's Palace), view, Basilica of the Virgin of the Rock, Graus, Spain</a></div>
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Look down. There is a small courtyard, with a mural of the Basilica.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp0pOh48MKDaFtqdUIVZxKhp6nZT1TxIVrZxzGzP3P_C0SfbJYBPFu1qHifOFneH9Uqg8-BXD4FDOC0PSDR_1SW4gliHYMtPuwl9GC4yGt-vIx45AF7Z1b-Zk7ro46AZdqGHBm0w/s1600/P1080448.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" jsa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp0pOh48MKDaFtqdUIVZxKhp6nZT1TxIVrZxzGzP3P_C0SfbJYBPFu1qHifOFneH9Uqg8-BXD4FDOC0PSDR_1SW4gliHYMtPuwl9GC4yGt-vIx45AF7Z1b-Zk7ro46AZdqGHBm0w/s320/P1080448.JPG" width="214" />Courtyard mural, Hotel Bishop's Palace, Graus, Spain. </a></div>
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Then take a closer look at the Basilica. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWp7Gd2gOG_bSiiRhWLX6cwZusjKCl8IwIYbyxjlqIqvHuFVDuYaVcTLx5cwoZfwobdU3dCNqmtiU5lxE1sUwgk7OOP26SqVrg255j8CWH-AWSfXhDLpXX-l_yUy-jgGwqjRqyFg/s1600/P1080530.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWp7Gd2gOG_bSiiRhWLX6cwZusjKCl8IwIYbyxjlqIqvHuFVDuYaVcTLx5cwoZfwobdU3dCNqmtiU5lxE1sUwgk7OOP26SqVrg255j8CWH-AWSfXhDLpXX-l_yUy-jgGwqjRqyFg/s320/P1080530.JPG" width="320" />Basilica de la Virgen de la Pena, Graus, Spain. Virgin of the Rock.</a></div>
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The concierge and his wife may even take you to the basement, what would the Renaissance palace-builders have called it? Rustication was in vogue -- stonecutters cutting masonry blocks, beveling edges deeply, and leaving the central area, the face, in a rough condition. See <a href="http://www.answers.com/topic/rusticate">http://www.answers.com/topic/rusticate</a>. With those skills, what is mere walling with masonry, and what is the result of rustication?</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsY7QIVYuva9PPEn_D9kkONMG3H9QIw5OcDlbzJR2wJGe_LNMHEXkXs9zPPVE-trKL3nBduJE3849oz608ZOCsSg80sKHHUpC3X1arS4uX-N-8f2Av-1NIdVNNZNyWy4EYqEGzQw/s1600/P1080526.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsY7QIVYuva9PPEn_D9kkONMG3H9QIw5OcDlbzJR2wJGe_LNMHEXkXs9zPPVE-trKL3nBduJE3849oz608ZOCsSg80sKHHUpC3X1arS4uX-N-8f2Av-1NIdVNNZNyWy4EYqEGzQw/s320/P1080526.JPG" width="320" />Original wall, and original concierges, at Hotel of the Palace of the Bishop, Graus, Spain</a></div>
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Now, to the basement. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq04J7xhY4ed5hhvJ2TOmXcGZJIyWeaM39OwrB3lNLHRpZImkekXlag2Ez7z0_hv2iBqWg4VEJOsejIzYJNNre_6X_EesTxGvPixZiNnFJPOPNY2ushMv6DAz_ngNlN1M3hoMmsg/s1600/P1080516.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq04J7xhY4ed5hhvJ2TOmXcGZJIyWeaM39OwrB3lNLHRpZImkekXlag2Ez7z0_hv2iBqWg4VEJOsejIzYJNNre_6X_EesTxGvPixZiNnFJPOPNY2ushMv6DAz_ngNlN1M3hoMmsg/s320/P1080516.JPG" width="214" />Door to basement, Hotel Palacio del Obispo, Graus, Spain</a></div>
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Down the steps.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMDvcSGe0ertOR40IH5duS3YI2HsXBmLel4xjAtORBFvJZs7Ry0DJKzN-16sIzIrOcz9VKA09VCsl6U7wfpoY6DxLviAYGYDeXAq4W8o5VRg3FlHI3xNSypO8QXBP0YS9e_A61ag/s1600/P1080523.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMDvcSGe0ertOR40IH5duS3YI2HsXBmLel4xjAtORBFvJZs7Ry0DJKzN-16sIzIrOcz9VKA09VCsl6U7wfpoY6DxLviAYGYDeXAq4W8o5VRg3FlHI3xNSypO8QXBP0YS9e_A61ag/s320/P1080523.JPG" width="320" />Dan Widing, in basement of Palacio del Obispo, Graus Spain. Hear something, Dan?</a></div>
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Tried to do a closeup of the coat of arms. Color is not orange. Must go back and adjust. Camera is old and I, amateur. </div>
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Still, parse the quadrants of the coat of arms. Top left, unclear. Top right, looks like a rearing elephant. Bottom left, profile, bottom right, 8-pointed star -- or a compass, same configuration; or representation of the sun. Tassles and roping, three heads, look alike with mustaches, caps, and we speculate that is the Bishop Himself. Who was he? Or was he just a secular noble? </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhiRwLKxDvtoEV8VkAmU0U7XeNGFelVN8vWet_CFQM2Nv2u1TD1XCG2xPUPMraTjFidQdmFYOOcAzt1eXQJPcRZvP9_VCVaaR1HY3ldi3uV6o-NierNDS_-OpRyQmcpKI4Gjxq8Q/s1600/P1080521.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhiRwLKxDvtoEV8VkAmU0U7XeNGFelVN8vWet_CFQM2Nv2u1TD1XCG2xPUPMraTjFidQdmFYOOcAzt1eXQJPcRZvP9_VCVaaR1HY3ldi3uV6o-NierNDS_-OpRyQmcpKI4Gjxq8Q/s320/P1080521.JPG" width="320" />Coat of arms reproduced in wall, Hotel Palacio del Obispo, basement. </a></div>
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The elephant may refer to Hannibal who, in the Second Punic War, led his elephants across Hispania to get to Rome, see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Spain">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Spain/.</a> Is that a turbaned head, lower left? that could refer to the era of Moorish occupation. The official coat of arms for Aragon also shows a turbaned head, with side ties hanging down. Do search in Images for Aragon or Huesca or Graus coats of arms. <br />
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This appears to be rustication as well as original rubble and rock and mortar, but an expert would have to examine.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeqKm_cTZHgSGdWgUfnpMU9ZkOGaUjHKeLR75eVZpB0S-g95f9QSheFwWvcYT7vrvRn6ZKx3ylrKW3GiLmhUkQN_lMkKg-nXW1yMbYp2n3G8WUu6JMzyal2CC3LdhPk3gLuLHF2w/s1600/P1080524.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeqKm_cTZHgSGdWgUfnpMU9ZkOGaUjHKeLR75eVZpB0S-g95f9QSheFwWvcYT7vrvRn6ZKx3ylrKW3GiLmhUkQN_lMkKg-nXW1yMbYp2n3G8WUu6JMzyal2CC3LdhPk3gLuLHF2w/s320/P1080524.JPG" width="320" />Masonry, rustication? Hotel Palacio Del Obispo, Graus, Spain</a></div>
Vaulting:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWoqJSxhS36cOC5GwGV-l2JEc1m5jRDq2YFQEgyqLdaqQqVbV-bNHYr9zVM5dUrON7__FztXG6GAOy-BkHhKxcibEvqx-ZxYZXg1Gj5g2Jqp2dDutV1CmB9yANmbHLlaPrky3hIg/s1600/P1080525.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWoqJSxhS36cOC5GwGV-l2JEc1m5jRDq2YFQEgyqLdaqQqVbV-bNHYr9zVM5dUrON7__FztXG6GAOy-BkHhKxcibEvqx-ZxYZXg1Gj5g2Jqp2dDutV1CmB9yANmbHLlaPrky3hIg/s320/P1080525.JPG" width="214" />Vaulting, Bishop's Palace Hotel, Graus Spain; and modern climate control</a></div>
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Now, back to our room. Elegant.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7omLAsOsfUYMs3F1o5WDcpLAm77njEK0iGuyECm4HUbGu2G4UydN_go-5wLqH6pNvG9A_f5nlABENAnxvW_fmZx0OsR_aiMp_ySaWEEk4asqIs5NVyiDt_jvVtNpWdcJfXlHOhQ/s1600/P1080527.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7omLAsOsfUYMs3F1o5WDcpLAm77njEK0iGuyECm4HUbGu2G4UydN_go-5wLqH6pNvG9A_f5nlABENAnxvW_fmZx0OsR_aiMp_ySaWEEk4asqIs5NVyiDt_jvVtNpWdcJfXlHOhQ/s320/P1080527.JPG" width="320" />Hotel Palacio del Obispo, room entry, Graus, Spain</a></div>
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Rusticated walls? Original wall? Note that we travel light. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoo1jKrWS7U40vXgY_YHsHPHkQwpqwuMIcNWm3c3ku95QS2Bb3tR_9Vjvb_zTlpsBoRSz1H8667Y8cl6sIuV1EMjCyFRjdyRnqjdTRe3K2YpeOy25tTCY5wuv3oIvAWXM9X7VEKg/s1600/P1080510.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoo1jKrWS7U40vXgY_YHsHPHkQwpqwuMIcNWm3c3ku95QS2Bb3tR_9Vjvb_zTlpsBoRSz1H8667Y8cl6sIuV1EMjCyFRjdyRnqjdTRe3K2YpeOy25tTCY5wuv3oIvAWXM9X7VEKg/s320/P1080510.JPG" width="320" />Room, Hotel Palacio del Obispo</a></div>
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Excellent. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlIFtDyIiGZy8qtX9X8tPMugDGNnqpvK1ixUo6lGl0plkBNRhS6QolG_DmqBgXUS7W4BVStXGPhwPHXtgrtjYB_CeEWAiFG5FQ77qoTyfCz5nHz4Lepw7-U26WHbTcc40EvSfJ8w/s1600/P1080507.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlIFtDyIiGZy8qtX9X8tPMugDGNnqpvK1ixUo6lGl0plkBNRhS6QolG_DmqBgXUS7W4BVStXGPhwPHXtgrtjYB_CeEWAiFG5FQ77qoTyfCz5nHz4Lepw7-U26WHbTcc40EvSfJ8w/s320/P1080507.JPG" width="320" />Room, Hotel Palace of the Bishop, Graus, Spain</a></div>
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We have seen many wall mountings. This, at the hotel, caught every change in the light.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBagvBmEI7BMR-RIsX-hJ9pJtQK-DSzHKJN05ZvWTfc38dpVB1Vfk1ElHFDmLkY5lTbFljc_gxCHSrzbt7G66bKUrmTQ0RnCnFz50D3tnjEnQelyoAFDScHUdSFmvGGY4OU0phrg/s1600/P1080535.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBagvBmEI7BMR-RIsX-hJ9pJtQK-DSzHKJN05ZvWTfc38dpVB1Vfk1ElHFDmLkY5lTbFljc_gxCHSrzbt7G66bKUrmTQ0RnCnFz50D3tnjEnQelyoAFDScHUdSFmvGGY4OU0phrg/s320/P1080535.JPG" width="320" />Wall mount, Hotel Palacio del Obispo, Graus, Spain</a></div>
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Applaud the repurposing of this historic 15th Century structure, the Bishop's Palace, Palacio del Obispo. For road trippers, the added advantage to having such fine accommodations, is the parking. Right across the street.<br />
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There are other hotels, including the Hotel Lleida, but we wanted to be closer to the old parts, away from busses.</div>
Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-55176517113118511362013-07-19T11:58:00.000-04:002013-08-20T16:44:08.483-04:00Graus, Plaza Major, Around Town. Joaquin Costa, El Cid<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Graus. A city of arches, pointed or rounded, both reflecting the Moorish period, and it is hard to determine which was originally Romanesque, which influence absorbed whom. Find in Graus famous people: find Joaquin Costa, an intellectual who was interested and skilled in so much, and find, we think, or is it legend, El Cid also here, medieval nobleman and military leader.<br />
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Graus has preserved its heraldry. Heraldry. Coats of arms. This is the head of a knight above the shield, shield with two zigzag horizontal stripes, curlicues surround. Meaning? Where to find a comprehensive heraldry catalogue for families of the area. This is from house #27, Plaza Major, Graus. <br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Ancestral houses included the Mur, and the Solanas of the 165th Century. Stonework shows elegant shields. Can we possibly identify any of these? House of Mur. Hose of Solanas. Experts, to your clickings. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigo2q0AT_PqEuB-86YwW7Q3utApA8XpDWVDn9ma6F8qxKijsYYNZosuyaNlSUm6JlBEn-Oyqe0AMBHrd9wyNLh-KeNrRc6j3h9o0CwAJAvXPCefehWeXujECx9jKrvpxR74zxlpA/s1600/P1080459.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigo2q0AT_PqEuB-86YwW7Q3utApA8XpDWVDn9ma6F8qxKijsYYNZosuyaNlSUm6JlBEn-Oyqe0AMBHrd9wyNLh-KeNrRc6j3h9o0CwAJAvXPCefehWeXujECx9jKrvpxR74zxlpA/s320/P1080459.JPG" width="214" />Heraldry, house, Graus, Spain. Plaza Major</a></div>
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At the battle of Graus, 1062, Aragon (under Sancho Ramiro I) lost to the Moors from Zaragoza (under al-Muktadir). El Cid is said to have fought under Sancho, see <a href="http://www.heritage-history.com/www/heritage.php?Dir=wars&FileName=wars_castilian.php">http://www.heritage-history.com/www/heritage.php?Dir=wars&FileName=wars_castilian.php</a>. Moorish designs remain.</div>
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Find the Moor on all sides. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR0KQfVxifjwklVTs9Gm9Nodhgk3R2dmO74rNJBA23fJGEILLNne_8wy10m_FHi_xrFo0V4joYB5h_fSxqi2vHs2Zf5MX1fErL0feDGPs38t_5ei1l9myKhoKO2x1hO25HH3eBHA/s1600/P1080438.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR0KQfVxifjwklVTs9Gm9Nodhgk3R2dmO74rNJBA23fJGEILLNne_8wy10m_FHi_xrFo0V4joYB5h_fSxqi2vHs2Zf5MX1fErL0feDGPs38t_5ei1l9myKhoKO2x1hO25HH3eBHA/s320/P1080438.JPG" width="214" />Moorish arch, Graus, Spain</a></div>
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Change happens fast now. One day, note the ruin half destroyed between two finely renovated home structures in the main square.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2wsoP57WuptoP7jmeEVGETmIG8opN-ux3terJIlwC6cx6VKCLh4VxABBVgL4_wfD3TrQSLbIZj89cE05dfjm7lH6pXsSGfBLh5ueJ2x7bjaA6VK9S6UcPDe5KW4yU8f7FJBbHpw/s1600/P1080462.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2wsoP57WuptoP7jmeEVGETmIG8opN-ux3terJIlwC6cx6VKCLh4VxABBVgL4_wfD3TrQSLbIZj89cE05dfjm7lH6pXsSGfBLh5ueJ2x7bjaA6VK9S6UcPDe5KW4yU8f7FJBbHpw/s320/P1080462.JPG" width="320" />Graus, ruins amid renovations. Spain.</a></div>
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Next day, find repair work already beginning. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY6AvkyarHndUmWGKhmT0D9jKv7bKPSwN8N6y_1KTqRAJWKo1dT9P5OQ5qO4Yle3r1aQ1uqDDRPp4MhfLU-Iq7De_jWYrQk4DzDRvaFkeBWoeW84KZK6ZlyW_tEVjc1UpONOPI9A/s1600/P1080463.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY6AvkyarHndUmWGKhmT0D9jKv7bKPSwN8N6y_1KTqRAJWKo1dT9P5OQ5qO4Yle3r1aQ1uqDDRPp4MhfLU-Iq7De_jWYrQk4DzDRvaFkeBWoeW84KZK6ZlyW_tEVjc1UpONOPI9A/s320/P1080463.JPG" width="214" />Graus, Spain. Reconstructions ongoing.</a></div>
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And what is this bit of heraldry? This heraldry looks like a winged dragon with bird feet above a chivalric helmet, plain shield with five vertical partitions.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4FuRxW4zUjnjGnx7gOnYynRjlN2AdtqOSb3AZOBeMtvRAYxTiix_wqO-ZMpnvYr2tQs_7Pgh4qlTVwOF1JxldhDoXIrj80e-y_khBaAmyp2rUYYIost8i2u07u_i7NoDCmNwSog/s1600/P1080439.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4FuRxW4zUjnjGnx7gOnYynRjlN2AdtqOSb3AZOBeMtvRAYxTiix_wqO-ZMpnvYr2tQs_7Pgh4qlTVwOF1JxldhDoXIrj80e-y_khBaAmyp2rUYYIost8i2u07u_i7NoDCmNwSog/s320/P1080439.JPG" width="214" />tt</a></div>
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Doorways show great variation.<br />
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Who came and went. This shows a scallop shell (apparently) theme above the double door, symbol usually of pilgrims on the Way of St. James, to Santiago de Compostela.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnCypKTerDs3BzMWn23v4Me3Zt3FX6VipwiEvrCgKR7jHEaiHZbmJQnBfW2FwSEnSZHWb6nyCsfB3PiSKmJPQmIuk2Eejy08qd3vptcDYLwPwzF5oTyVff1WZ_rJwtNYVpXx7Wlg/s1600/P1080456.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">Doorway, Pilgrim's Scallop Design, Graus, Spain. Plaza Major<img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnCypKTerDs3BzMWn23v4Me3Zt3FX6VipwiEvrCgKR7jHEaiHZbmJQnBfW2FwSEnSZHWb6nyCsfB3PiSKmJPQmIuk2Eejy08qd3vptcDYLwPwzF5oTyVff1WZ_rJwtNYVpXx7Wlg/s320/P1080456.JPG" width="214" /></a></div>
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Streets are narrow. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ4Lmc85F5k1yYgdHacNSHpeLIh8hLfuMag8AfEU_GWzSKE8odIv63D8bZPAWSoByrw_SJj71O1xT5Z2nX_F7Kumm2oKRoNutlIiNHnUrhEzOxqbKq9I-ICbOmSU_scjzx0viiCQ/s1600/P1080440.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ4Lmc85F5k1yYgdHacNSHpeLIh8hLfuMag8AfEU_GWzSKE8odIv63D8bZPAWSoByrw_SJj71O1xT5Z2nX_F7Kumm2oKRoNutlIiNHnUrhEzOxqbKq9I-ICbOmSU_scjzx0viiCQ/s320/P1080440.JPG" width="214" />Dan Widing, narrow passageway, Graus, Spain</a></div>
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Enjoy the square. No need to find a hotel that does dinner, because dinners in fine restaurants are everywhere. Here, children were playing soccer in the square, nearly empty because the time to dine is well after sundown.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKPI7lMIZbnYmPbgKHwvE7dqs1R19LGxysFYhhS2bjzmRL4D8ooJXreS8Lrz4mOJWrTkvzbha8UJ6_cY8VsBn85WYNcDB0hSxFNkkeUHcNdWlCCExZW6kpgfFwjArTAjAqfO7d_Q/s1600/P1080484.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKPI7lMIZbnYmPbgKHwvE7dqs1R19LGxysFYhhS2bjzmRL4D8ooJXreS8Lrz4mOJWrTkvzbha8UJ6_cY8VsBn85WYNcDB0hSxFNkkeUHcNdWlCCExZW6kpgfFwjArTAjAqfO7d_Q/s320/P1080484.JPG" width="320" />Plaza Major, Barrichios, Graus, Spain</a></div>
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Dinner begins at 9PM, and all is quiet in the late afternoon. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGsMZ3iPY28zcxc2Xdj70QpDPHELEdaToq1mvxfKoe3hBRxBgABS6ycuqKYXg1DInhMMmiPvEhw3qMiL4buo1mPAYMxjD4JmTLEkTPxH8fq4Y-UXV5nbjJlKbjARgflh6GaRKhcw/s1600/P1080485.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGsMZ3iPY28zcxc2Xdj70QpDPHELEdaToq1mvxfKoe3hBRxBgABS6ycuqKYXg1DInhMMmiPvEhw3qMiL4buo1mPAYMxjD4JmTLEkTPxH8fq4Y-UXV5nbjJlKbjARgflh6GaRKhcw/s320/P1080485.JPG" width="320" />Dodge soccer balls if dining early at Plaza Major, Graus, Spain</a></div>
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Houses on the square are each different.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjabHhNfWpK6hbwAT9yUPsdMynEEHBMuwJglzD8NjkCfXr1AaxNyT2YFGaqIpujfU6lxR_8LYHqjRQ4KsStInl5DAyMKYzGhWWmFYi9P3E5Thg-hadeb5K6lolHiRQe3_iPav_kKw/s1600/P1080441.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjabHhNfWpK6hbwAT9yUPsdMynEEHBMuwJglzD8NjkCfXr1AaxNyT2YFGaqIpujfU6lxR_8LYHqjRQ4KsStInl5DAyMKYzGhWWmFYi9P3E5Thg-hadeb5K6lolHiRQe3_iPav_kKw/s320/P1080441.JPG" width="320" />Dan Widing at arcades, Plaza Major, Graus, Spain</a></div>
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On an opposite side, the theme may be colors rather than architectural difference.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIabzHzqEbtRsMo6tppMgtbzyXjFFyBOikepACJffC4MGG6e7UUB-4vSeC3feb3x1JOgmBXecccG1n5JE7KifaH3Ym4xtKrqJcweHuGG5_TWgigH3wnyxh-Gt15BpNMbD3fqCIvg/s1600/P1080442.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIabzHzqEbtRsMo6tppMgtbzyXjFFyBOikepACJffC4MGG6e7UUB-4vSeC3feb3x1JOgmBXecccG1n5JE7KifaH3Ym4xtKrqJcweHuGG5_TWgigH3wnyxh-Gt15BpNMbD3fqCIvg/s320/P1080442.JPG" width="320" />Plaza Major, Graus, Spain. </a></div>
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And frescoes -- Casa Pintada.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8fJ3voM-rNZKa97dNEBAkqX6-ii9x4fOFd6u6bD5OvV4AMgZtEe9jK11IgRCBQ3x1O_cABJ-IZQJ8K0gbRMFIWXhoETbsJbFV6k9eRah1yl5-rtWU6nTUuAkRKY4sgwr8JP5iyA/s1600/P1080443.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8fJ3voM-rNZKa97dNEBAkqX6-ii9x4fOFd6u6bD5OvV4AMgZtEe9jK11IgRCBQ3x1O_cABJ-IZQJ8K0gbRMFIWXhoETbsJbFV6k9eRah1yl5-rtWU6nTUuAkRKY4sgwr8JP5iyA/s320/P1080443.JPG" width="320" />Casa Pintada, Graus, Spain</a></div>
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Some doorways are below the sidewalk level, showing great age.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilpuYmNeFF0x4ajha54WKFsn52qSz_cTJSNnayVTvSlsSdzVru6EkGsabgWS1ZqGfjG0qNlAJTgDtS9cJdTm2ESjWBbiMoC0XCRp09GqUSUlV0k1hYplaA8xwMhXJjKb6YbKHQfQ/s1600/P1080498.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilpuYmNeFF0x4ajha54WKFsn52qSz_cTJSNnayVTvSlsSdzVru6EkGsabgWS1ZqGfjG0qNlAJTgDtS9cJdTm2ESjWBbiMoC0XCRp09GqUSUlV0k1hYplaA8xwMhXJjKb6YbKHQfQ/s320/P1080498.JPG" width="214" />Graus, Spain. Inside the door.</a></div>
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Passageways and passageways.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4kW5ZPPiz98eOrOjfK6xl2tOaSUSOhV_j3kaIJqauI1YkdIegV39yHuGAf8QTvoFUgnQyZnVzjjsk_4oQIsaZeauphGOquDQ0OaZzOoNKXkJIy7kJFxx2hc8jC_dBPb58PYXyYQ/s1600/DSCN5657.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4kW5ZPPiz98eOrOjfK6xl2tOaSUSOhV_j3kaIJqauI1YkdIegV39yHuGAf8QTvoFUgnQyZnVzjjsk_4oQIsaZeauphGOquDQ0OaZzOoNKXkJIy7kJFxx2hc8jC_dBPb58PYXyYQ/s320/DSCN5657.JPG" width="320" />Passage from Plaza Major, Graus, Spain. Arches. </a></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Is this the same as the square of Coreche, where there is a door of the old enclosure wall, dating from 1569. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Now, find the individuals, some of them, who made this place memorable. And, for a meal early, the famous Graus sausage at a tapas place on the market street beyond the passageway. Longaniza sausage: with its own special day annually -- the endless sausage. Dry, natural cure. </span></div>
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1. Joaquin Costa, 1846-1911, was born in Graus, and died here. He was self-educated, and rose from his peasant background to become a distinguished intellectual, a lawyer, a politician, a historian and an economist. He sought social and educational reforms. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWEmGJQIt4QIO9j0b_fZQVcypGc1m01u4MgaQ3jOltTAveR4AqQH5nOG9E3qrexnk4Zh1sm3HnGw4oyOKOmg7bzhMy0lTwrfhC2FS5-t289r_jzytkLL6O5n_RHeaFuj1o9kYUJg/s1600/DSCN5668.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWEmGJQIt4QIO9j0b_fZQVcypGc1m01u4MgaQ3jOltTAveR4AqQH5nOG9E3qrexnk4Zh1sm3HnGw4oyOKOmg7bzhMy0lTwrfhC2FS5-t289r_jzytkLL6O5n_RHeaFuj1o9kYUJg/s320/DSCN5668.JPG" width="320" />Joaquin Costa Memorial, Graus, Spain</a></div>
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We chose Graus because we understood there was a great battle here, the Battle of Graus 1063, and that El Cid saved the day.<br />
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El Cid: Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar. The birthplace is also spelled Bivar.<br />
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<a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6805/772/1600/scan0023.1.jpg"><img a="" alt="" border="0" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6805/772/320/scan0023.1.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt;" />El Cid, Vivar, Spain. Birthplace. He went on to fight at Graus, so they sayl.</a><br />
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We visited Vivar, El Cid's birthplace, during an earlier trip. See his many battles at <a href="http://perso.wanadoo.es/ibg3/med/cid.html">http://perso.wanadoo.es/ibg3/med/cid.html</a>/ The tourist helper in Graus said that any number of towns claim El Cid, and we found no tribute to him at Graus. Surely here is a gap to be filled. A figure who played both sides from time to time, in an era where that was the way to survive. See <a href="http://spainroadways.blogspot.com/2005/01/el-cid-and-modern-windmills-on-way.html?q=Bivar">Spain Road Ways, Bivar </a><br />
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El Cid. No statue that we could find in Graus, but the stories absolutely must be believed: that he nobly fought here. Then look no further.<br />
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Outside the square are other displays, of early production of what? A grinding wheel? A press? <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ7kBhPefY29xZP9LrdGZLO2NpilhKNZv_DqcUbT6VpiyFD91UcheynKG-vER6wGoLkICI44eCn8nFsDbP3_l4h_gcIBRk_z1M-XGZ-1OFeIKG5prCi1nZ64k4Ur6pHr8sIeb1YA/s1600/P1080465.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ7kBhPefY29xZP9LrdGZLO2NpilhKNZv_DqcUbT6VpiyFD91UcheynKG-vER6wGoLkICI44eCn8nFsDbP3_l4h_gcIBRk_z1M-XGZ-1OFeIKG5prCi1nZ64k4Ur6pHr8sIeb1YA/s200/P1080465.JPG" width="133" />Graus, Spain. Display of early machinery. For what product? Grinding wheel?</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMKGo6ccLqNQqQU2H-S_TJclTIwtE-Xh0rIgKGlVKgVaByZ_y1dddjSSQP_OmPHWJLkjBFwsaJs7boz5hzDh5pdPrlk8VmBVUpU3lZpZ60ZJ47jxFsAHtbGTx1kvLgTEZ0BntIsw/s1600/P1080464.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMKGo6ccLqNQqQU2H-S_TJclTIwtE-Xh0rIgKGlVKgVaByZ_y1dddjSSQP_OmPHWJLkjBFwsaJs7boz5hzDh5pdPrlk8VmBVUpU3lZpZ60ZJ47jxFsAHtbGTx1kvLgTEZ0BntIsw/s320/P1080464.JPG" width="214" />Graus, Spain. An early press of some kind.</a></div>
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Overview: <a href="http://www.spain.info/en/que-quieres/ciudades-pueblos/otros-destinos/graus.html">http://www.spain.info/en/que-quieres/ciudades-pueblos/otros-destinos/graus.html</a></div>
Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-17611169267850524672013-07-19T11:55:00.002-04:002013-07-19T11:55:48.273-04:00Graus, Basilica de la Virgen de la Pena. Rock of Morral.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Cliffside Religious Houses: Defense</b><br />
<b>Graus -- Basilica de la Virgen de la Pena </b><br />
<b>a/k/a Basilica of Nuestra Senora de la Pena</b></div>
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The first structure here dates to the 13th Century. Sites disagree on who was responsible and when. Some say the first structure dates to the time when Sancho Ramirez, King of Aragon and Navarre (who succeeded Sancho IV), conquered the town. Where is that site, because it is inconsistent information with vetting. <br />
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That 13th Century marker sounds odd, since Sancho Ramirez lived 1042-1094? Checking. The story -- A light was seen to shine on the rock above (the pena), and that would probably be the Morral Crag, under which and beside and in the Basilica is constructed. People followed that and saw an image of the virgin. And how could it have been Sancho Ramirez who built a chapel?<br />
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Graus was one of the most northerly points of Moorish domination. <br />
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The current structure reflects the 1538 Renaissance elements, atrium, cloister other buildings. See an 1803 date (!) for Sancho Ramirez at <a href="http://www.turismoribagorza.org/en/que-ver-y-que-hacer/ribagorza-is-culture/religious/basilica-virgen-de-la-pena">http://www.turismoribagorza.org/en/que-ver-y-que-hacer/ribagorza-is-culture/religious/basilica-virgen-de-la-pena</a><b>. </b><br />
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Regardless of its history, it does dominate the town.<b><br /></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoUXCV3pJUdYvDcIwnK9ycTl0AnRzpZGJIYWOqi5mgY1R5wCnO1CfL0TQ9oy-tomcpHc-ByphX9AxhFdLEuxbBWAf6T8StPREMFOZ9illdwpvigm4IlJdSfLZkgt2xdlySUg-0wQ/s1600/DSCN5650.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoUXCV3pJUdYvDcIwnK9ycTl0AnRzpZGJIYWOqi5mgY1R5wCnO1CfL0TQ9oy-tomcpHc-ByphX9AxhFdLEuxbBWAf6T8StPREMFOZ9illdwpvigm4IlJdSfLZkgt2xdlySUg-0wQ/s320/DSCN5650.JPG" width="320" />Basilica de la Virgen de la Pena, Graus, Spain</a></div>
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This was taken from our hotel window. And downstairs, find the trompe l'oeil decor, with the Basilica depicted.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNjNiWgbBj7yS9Vkfeta-_el5fC__hiE2Ai10PsxSBht7l0g5Wn-aniMwGOLOVDXRwqsf30lO2PUXhSg3jsbZxF5KpwHY0tv98d6zCVZsClG6nkb4y_u66eu0WXtEsy5twSP3Gsw/s1600/DSCN5653.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNjNiWgbBj7yS9Vkfeta-_el5fC__hiE2Ai10PsxSBht7l0g5Wn-aniMwGOLOVDXRwqsf30lO2PUXhSg3jsbZxF5KpwHY0tv98d6zCVZsClG6nkb4y_u66eu0WXtEsy5twSP3Gsw/s320/DSCN5653.JPG" width="320" />Fresco and fountain, showing the Basilica de la Virgen de la Pena, our hotel</a></div>
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The crag, the cliff with the cross on top, is the Rock of Morral, the Morral Crag.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-6ZX84XMFtOMTB2Pppd3FH9P-4qRNwWktekmoHaAXJxDPo3XK1-3GoClCSl5z9fhlcLzUjEFbfvhq6OM3ULblIhSvxdF7Y6CUhQVVRbOqZ5wHBjV6B_n205GjqpMVWQYBR_XoJQ/s1600/DSCN5655.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-6ZX84XMFtOMTB2Pppd3FH9P-4qRNwWktekmoHaAXJxDPo3XK1-3GoClCSl5z9fhlcLzUjEFbfvhq6OM3ULblIhSvxdF7Y6CUhQVVRbOqZ5wHBjV6B_n205GjqpMVWQYBR_XoJQ/s320/DSCN5655.JPG" width="240" /> Basilica de la Virgen de la Pena, Graus, Spain. Rock of Morral, Morral Crag.</a></div>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-21429808512546257972013-07-19T08:00:00.000-04:002013-08-20T16:37:43.390-04:00Huesca. Coffee in Huesca, Cathedral. Misleada Mosque<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Huesca is still known for its motivational factor in the Spanish Civil War. It is said that the militiamen rallied time and again with the slogan -- Tomorrow, we will have coffee in Huesca. That is a great reason to go there and do it.</div>
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George Orwell fought near here. He had joined the POUM Militia, against the falangists (Franco's Fascist party, 1930's) who held Huesca at the time. Orwell was stationed near there. See <a href="http://www.hotelsclick.com/hotels/Spain/HUES/Huesca-COFFEE_IN_HUESCA-1.html">http://www.hotelsclick.com/hotels/Spain/HUES/Huesca-COFFEE_IN_HUESCA-1.html </a></div>
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George Orwell and the militia: See overview and photo at <a href="http://libcom.org/history/international-volunteers-poum-militias">http://libcom.org/history/international-volunteers-poum-militias </a></div>
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Coffee in Huesca. Today.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtfZu08Fe65zhj5010D3tizTezAJzFxBb_Y689qlsN92HPTNN-bKqTun3T1GeIHzXbttsRCrKdyp-orfbELRA00Qi7ws5LEa-b2xsZSgqsqKCAlnBU7fokABIURYwk9jLbTFIlWA/s1600/P1080429-001.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtfZu08Fe65zhj5010D3tizTezAJzFxBb_Y689qlsN92HPTNN-bKqTun3T1GeIHzXbttsRCrKdyp-orfbELRA00Qi7ws5LEa-b2xsZSgqsqKCAlnBU7fokABIURYwk9jLbTFIlWA/s320/P1080429-001.JPG" width="214" />Huesca, Spain. Coffee in Huesca.</a>
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Coffee, and a little ham and melon, and some macaroni. And macaroons.<br />
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Time clocks. All was closed from 2-5PM-- long siesta -- so see what you can and enjoy the ambiance.<br />
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Immediately behind the cafe area is the Cathedral of St. Mary, Huesca; also known as the Mary Church, or the Holy Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Lord -- two separate events-people memorialized. To many guidebooks, it is simply the Huesca Cathedral. A mosque predated it on this site, the Misleida Mosque. This one dates from the end of the 13th Century, Gothic.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7Z6bBB3D4yDxxuZKhVMoOsa8-IHCtK8Vn5o0AIH7Vh0I0iK_IArCXUTikCp6EsiY1kUlZv2TPaSwQuMFKad4HP0RK9mbMQJguJEvTrf9vtNqyMoY5OLRQs4ZYnVl9m6Pa7GvVwg/s1600/P1080426.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7Z6bBB3D4yDxxuZKhVMoOsa8-IHCtK8Vn5o0AIH7Vh0I0iK_IArCXUTikCp6EsiY1kUlZv2TPaSwQuMFKad4HP0RK9mbMQJguJEvTrf9vtNqyMoY5OLRQs4ZYnVl9m6Pa7GvVwg/s320/P1080426.JPG" ta="" width="214" />Huesca Cathedral, Spain. Cathedral of St. Mary; Holy Cathedral of the Transiguration of the Lord</a></div>
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The right tower, here on the left, looks like it is part of the old Misleida Mosque. The Gothic of the central facade does not extend to the rest of the exterior. The tower looks Moorish and is defensive: small-windowed, simple, not soaring, not fancy. </div>
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Or is it part of an old San Miguel Romanesque Tower? Which came first, after the mosque?</div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=10267680" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=10267680" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilps-Nn3E3CbpUvhvnaGl1t0NkfAVMeYfafrAjHK7r6Jvn1flcSQ-S5KUPAL1s4N5rnkK3VY57Sb1gxWq_V-t64_dirkaHdk6_4GYo9yjPj1yiO62WR4rs27Jv-H1x7xVHVJBDlA/s1600/P1080427.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilps-Nn3E3CbpUvhvnaGl1t0NkfAVMeYfafrAjHK7r6Jvn1flcSQ-S5KUPAL1s4N5rnkK3VY57Sb1gxWq_V-t64_dirkaHdk6_4GYo9yjPj1yiO62WR4rs27Jv-H1x7xVHVJBDlA/s320/P1080427.JPG" width="214" />Cathedral at Huesca, Spain. Misleada Mosque tower. Cathedral built on the remains of the mosque. </a></div>
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Huesca long predates the Moors, who invaded in the 8th Century and called this Wasqah, back to the Romans (Urbs Vitrix Osca), and before that, the Iberians known as Bolskan. Look up Wikipedia. </div>
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Origins. Patchworks of researchers-musers suggest migrations of people from the areas of the Tribes of Israel, see <a href="http://chiefio.wordpress.com/2012/02/10/irish-scots-gaelic-egyptian-connection/">http://chiefio.wordpress.com/2012/02/10/irish-scots-gaelic-egyptian-connection/</a>; a topic I also enjoyed exploring, see <a href="http://irelandroadways.blogspot.com/2010/03/tralee-queen-scotia-and-slieve-mish.html">http://irelandroadways.blogspot.com/2010/03/tralee-queen-scotia-and-slieve-mish.html</a>.</div>
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On the Christian end, Saint Lawrence was from Huesca, 268 AD. He was martyred violently, roasted on a grill, see grill motif on the breastplate at the painting at <a href="http://denmarkroadways.blogspot.com/2011/07/bjernede-inside-round-church-rundkirke.html">http://denmarkroadways.blogspot.com/2011/07/bjernede-inside-round-church-rundkirke.html </a></div>
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And, who is making that fine cup of coffee and side dish delicious? As anywhere, one of The Angels of the Kitchen.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5Lp1s0jP4ib9MWpkXhsktyWVuhPEoylDJcXg8ECW2ZywofV9VrHPvHcNoiS5aR3Rzya_gm-de7Be7OD9FyayRkwTZxptnf2d2sCzRE_LFrkVbz27UIDhWZRCIrQ6y4ON5ISlb_A/s1600/P1080430.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="172" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5Lp1s0jP4ib9MWpkXhsktyWVuhPEoylDJcXg8ECW2ZywofV9VrHPvHcNoiS5aR3Rzya_gm-de7Be7OD9FyayRkwTZxptnf2d2sCzRE_LFrkVbz27UIDhWZRCIrQ6y4ON5ISlb_A/s320/P1080430.JPG" width="320" />Angel of the Kitchen, Cathedral Square, Huesca, Spain</a></div>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-42348441257261879822013-07-18T16:57:00.000-04:002013-08-05T11:39:16.064-04:00Montearagon. Sancho Ramirez. Mallos de Riglos.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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King Sancho Ramirez, 1045-1094, built a castle on this high site, making a fortress from which to attack Wasqah, the city nearby we know as Huesca, then occupied by the Moors. He was killed by a stray arrow, however, and the venture abandoned. He was king of Aragon and Pamplona-Navarre.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEianjkn54a9iAslN1Gy73fXD5SWamd64jA6lv-hUcUUks_1AWnAYfXZHToMqIsybyCJI18JZzeQJdq1DLnYFORD0CuLUBLjj3dpevrO_O5voAXiCpHmjkhGNgmgmfQj3xL6RJSSvQ/s1600/P1080431-001.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=10267680" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=10267680" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;">Montearagon Castle, near Huesca, Spain</a><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEianjkn54a9iAslN1Gy73fXD5SWamd64jA6lv-hUcUUks_1AWnAYfXZHToMqIsybyCJI18JZzeQJdq1DLnYFORD0CuLUBLjj3dpevrO_O5voAXiCpHmjkhGNgmgmfQj3xL6RJSSvQ/s320/P1080431-001.JPG" width="320" /></div>
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The castle then was given to an Augustinian order of monks, who remained there for centuries until, in the19th century -- it was confiscated and became a powder magazine that then exploded. Some restorations are going on now, we understand.<br />
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Clifftop, hilltop monasteries and villages tell of the need for defense or a place to fight against invading Moors and others. All were ultimately unsuccessful against the Moors on this side of the Pyrenees. There was no place to run.<br />
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This monastery is unidentified. No notes on it, but its place on the card puts it soon after Huesca.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOeaWIeUNb8G2AAyqYShOT_5qPDcT9UCAB-S1-g11sbniWik9_AXFFaSeeVxFlBNqUPlmOJ0r5lI9_Hru1AA7KwbTxqn7mINsjFNvUAOTvcZ6-5w6TeSa3eXKQUzoeyZEQGjSYFg/s1600/P1080432-001.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOeaWIeUNb8G2AAyqYShOT_5qPDcT9UCAB-S1-g11sbniWik9_AXFFaSeeVxFlBNqUPlmOJ0r5lI9_Hru1AA7KwbTxqn7mINsjFNvUAOTvcZ6-5w6TeSa3eXKQUzoeyZEQGjSYFg/s320/P1080432-001.JPG" width="320" />Hilltop monastery, near Huesca, Spain</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=10267680" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=10267680" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>The land is formidable. The area, known as Mallos de Riglos, draws climbers as well as drivers. See <a href="http://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/page.php?id=4614">http://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/page.php?id=4614</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqFgLMg_fot-51xAil2ZKu5qHxqTclqUwLMbU0nz34akgcCOH7kREaSAKsfXFHIEpQMnOgA_KxL8GEQiUU9s8cWK20o13aetoJxLu_znuI0IzFZmph721Psq4-GHC8zrIzxweghQ/s1600/P1080434-001.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqFgLMg_fot-51xAil2ZKu5qHxqTclqUwLMbU0nz34akgcCOH7kREaSAKsfXFHIEpQMnOgA_KxL8GEQiUU9s8cWK20o13aetoJxLu_znuI0IzFZmph721Psq4-GHC8zrIzxweghQ/s320/P1080434-001.JPG" width="320" />Mallos de Riglos rock formations, near Huesca, Spain</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnlthWDSxVj8WQYj6QVQ624qVmiPafPrT9uXpMA_U6wONucoL6oaUBLb9pOeBgZovhvTxJHY-cHdWfAKA5dajDJr8MvrigrDt8mpe1cO_3GqPzpj3Bgy5rAYESZDSQAkTzGBAV3w/s1600/P1080435-001.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnlthWDSxVj8WQYj6QVQ624qVmiPafPrT9uXpMA_U6wONucoL6oaUBLb9pOeBgZovhvTxJHY-cHdWfAKA5dajDJr8MvrigrDt8mpe1cO_3GqPzpj3Bgy5rAYESZDSQAkTzGBAV3w/s320/P1080435-001.JPG" width="320" />Rock formations, near Huesca, Spain</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_93AVoikiaWddLql5MdEGflP88wy0dSbkliwN6KWyD-_h09RrgrBDr5A2CzVgM6jX7V1qVOqSqNJHLAT5PRH4hn7Mh-yas_8kC0lc-8CWtEtiN6Euwsy3AmI_tOCh8A_y-Uy6UA/s1600/P1080436-001.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_93AVoikiaWddLql5MdEGflP88wy0dSbkliwN6KWyD-_h09RrgrBDr5A2CzVgM6jX7V1qVOqSqNJHLAT5PRH4hn7Mh-yas_8kC0lc-8CWtEtiN6Euwsy3AmI_tOCh8A_y-Uy6UA/s320/P1080436-001.JPG" width="320" />Reservoir of Barasona, from Huesca toward Graus, Spain. Pantona de Barasona.</a></div>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-65275282094483854822013-05-30T11:56:00.003-04:002013-07-09T06:40:44.638-04:00San Juan de la Pena - Old Cliff Monastery. Mozerabs.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiwSjraqqK_xSJOjQrwo9Pcfhjq0URrGSodYBJsya3V0Gb2XVykaXFPD82XF_NNi4fXmxR8BRgEeMqFRPIAS0PHc3IJVbcF3BLYwzYApnsyiQL7I4guUSfjuMr2MIQXTwHvOo1MA/s1600/DSCN5619.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLwnggzNAKFh33BF02Nzkeu1yvuMwYxATKZenMyUlHiF60wz1Ap-8TJ40RkQWflOwH1RRLrefiH_zE65A_eth5x4GCENui6pGbZidYEtmCyTQTGwylyMLe5yjum8kBFg6daoKsMQ/s1600/P1080326.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLwnggzNAKFh33BF02Nzkeu1yvuMwYxATKZenMyUlHiF60wz1Ap-8TJ40RkQWflOwH1RRLrefiH_zE65A_eth5x4GCENui6pGbZidYEtmCyTQTGwylyMLe5yjum8kBFg6daoKsMQ/s320/P1080326.JPG" width="320" />San Juan de la Pena, Monastery, Spain</a></div>
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This monastery is on the Way of St. James, the Camino de Santiago,medieval and current pilgrimage route with many branches converging at Spain's Santiago de Compostela. It is constructed under a large cliff overhang. The old Mozerabic chapel dates from 920 AD. Mozerabs: Iberian or Spanish peninsula Christians who lived under Moorish rule in the then Al-Andalus. They never converted to Islam, but did absorb some customs and spoke Arabic. Origins: Hispano-Gothic, and some northern European Christians, as well as Arab and Berber. Fine little video of the area is here: Peregrina Rosina's work at<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pXjeRnnCslk"> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pXjeRnnCslk</a></div>
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Under Sharia law, Jews and Christians lived among the Arab Muslims but had special "dhimmi" status rules -- taxes, some restrictions, lower status, but lived safely. We can learn from some era's interpretations of Sharia.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3cOKWhAYAeoF30Ow_BMSxg8Yvtio4NkVXf-J41ejxoZ7QPvcHA-Lb5R_OBytF-6rbImN2cIveHMXroyiTLiu7xI9PT0EDSuvOO5ncwea9AGGmvN-GIJzyrBbYiHBLA1FM1O006w/s1600/P1080322.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3cOKWhAYAeoF30Ow_BMSxg8Yvtio4NkVXf-J41ejxoZ7QPvcHA-Lb5R_OBytF-6rbImN2cIveHMXroyiTLiu7xI9PT0EDSuvOO5ncwea9AGGmvN-GIJzyrBbYiHBLA1FM1O006w/s320/P1080322.JPG" width="320" />San Juan de la Pena, cliff monastery, Spain</a></div>
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End of day brings beautiful lighting. The Holy Grail is said to have been kept there, as the faithful fled the Moors, see account that stories produce, at <a href="http://thespiralofknowledge.com/dossier.cfm?lang=en&id=49">http://thespiralofknowledge.com/dossier.cfm?lang=en&id=49</a>.<br />
Holy Land, to Huesca, and then circuitous protection route beginning in the 8th Century with the Moorish invasions, with, some say, final arrival at Valencia. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRJHzh3DZhVL3kUCcKf-6R5J3KBs-U_-1SbLMaodozXZMdu6Tu5h8siamcIqK_5GIlhM8nNZ8XqaAQttcJ8oknRe6lAbbrxwPOf6volsDhM6JA8WrB8107bBQTR06wru5ne0Sa2g/s1600/P1080325.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRJHzh3DZhVL3kUCcKf-6R5J3KBs-U_-1SbLMaodozXZMdu6Tu5h8siamcIqK_5GIlhM8nNZ8XqaAQttcJ8oknRe6lAbbrxwPOf6volsDhM6JA8WrB8107bBQTR06wru5ne0Sa2g/s320/P1080325.JPG" width="196" />San Juan de la Pena, facade, old cliff monastery</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkxRAtT2OSErl8yR8iQojwM0JmFWvt781P0kXtf2nYW5DkObaYBKuEoR4g7677Xt7RJ-_QxZMBsl-nFUVrGOY80fIKr_QClIMNqL5-4RVEjUMXPw-liIkX2T76lTjwTAdAjw8Dig/s1600/P1080330.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkxRAtT2OSErl8yR8iQojwM0JmFWvt781P0kXtf2nYW5DkObaYBKuEoR4g7677Xt7RJ-_QxZMBsl-nFUVrGOY80fIKr_QClIMNqL5-4RVEjUMXPw-liIkX2T76lTjwTAdAjw8Dig/s320/P1080330.JPG" width="320" />San Juan de la Pena, Spain. Mozerabic monastery.</a></div>
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Start at the foot of Mount Pano, above the old town church, Santa Cruz de la Seros, and up the mountain. The cliff monastery, San Juan de la Pena, is in two parts -- the older cliff monastery, and a newer and large one at the flat summit. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUTNROJpa7deNHF4JNGc7E79aIZCu1o2xtP786XuEfJNAVUw-uFxWjCuTSK0v7SwnyHeZZnwadUpWni0CCSVtJlVA_zF9VWdoWImwRnMSmAZkVdu6GmnjLiakeGaH45dJ2pumKHg/s1600/P1080310.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUTNROJpa7deNHF4JNGc7E79aIZCu1o2xtP786XuEfJNAVUw-uFxWjCuTSK0v7SwnyHeZZnwadUpWni0CCSVtJlVA_zF9VWdoWImwRnMSmAZkVdu6GmnjLiakeGaH45dJ2pumKHg/s320/P1080310.JPG" width="320" />San Juan de la Pena, view of Pyrenees, access road, Spain</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6KtZ0I2Wtgsm7eNsyo2HIaqw8NtaHoVV0D9FBGmexcsxg9hJuSmA2FXMSkmL-XiLex643XuTkmEp355yM2h-8dMicoSp-LTakuM7wntiXnFnlpGc-mzJm34jNHQnTPTwxMvCxOw/s1600/P1080307.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6KtZ0I2Wtgsm7eNsyo2HIaqw8NtaHoVV0D9FBGmexcsxg9hJuSmA2FXMSkmL-XiLex643XuTkmEp355yM2h-8dMicoSp-LTakuM7wntiXnFnlpGc-mzJm34jNHQnTPTwxMvCxOw/s320/P1080307.JPG" width="320" />San Juan de la Pena, access road up mountain, Spain</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_683U01K4cbMHpQ0Y8FVZ-IKgvHluezqxApJZ3qTMUgzTwrxckobIY3walUkq599iZK7iKEJFsJLzcuKS9YKelmOAJmcEL86aq4nzOLokBWjYPZbTZkxvmALn2gOfZylflcJsxA/s1600/P1080313.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_683U01K4cbMHpQ0Y8FVZ-IKgvHluezqxApJZ3qTMUgzTwrxckobIY3walUkq599iZK7iKEJFsJLzcuKS9YKelmOAJmcEL86aq4nzOLokBWjYPZbTZkxvmALn2gOfZylflcJsxA/s320/P1080313.JPG" width="320" />San Juan de la Pena, cliffton view of Pyrenees, Spain</a></div>
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There are other traditions or origins, in addition to the Holy Grail at San Juan de la Pena, see <a href="http://www.hikepyrenees.co.uk/san-juan-de-la-pena.html">http://www.hikepyrenees.co.uk/san-juan-de-la-pena.html.</a> It is said that a nobleman was hunting, chased a stag who leaped off a cliff, the nobleman and his horse followed. The nobleman prayed for deliverance on the way down. Sure enough, he landed at a cave, found a hermit's bones inside, and gave thanks and built the monastery. San Juan: Saint John. Which? <br />
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Route note: after Roncesvalles, the logical next stop would Pamplona. We had already seen the bulls running there, so took the bypass. Pamplona: see <a href="http://spainroadways.blogspot.com/2008/02/pamplona-bulls.html">http://spainroadways.blogspot.com/2008/02/pamplona-bulls.html/</a><br />
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-13482687213846894492013-05-27T06:30:00.000-04:002013-07-12T10:56:34.455-04:00San Juan de la Pena, New Monastery 1675 <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
In 1675, the old cliff monastery burned substantially, so a new complex was built at the top of the mountain. There is a flat, broad area of fields, easy moving around.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF1Q7n6IrC-iB1vv2djCJiVYo-gmcjD2pU2RLmr_sgagcAwusmp8hRfWNGONjWNGP3PEYeDvsmoB6ddF2dFoh-hBsZjPHGCesvKCNN2CWDRMotEyhZO7JCDK0abBEM72qVGg9jtA/s1600/P1080318.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF1Q7n6IrC-iB1vv2djCJiVYo-gmcjD2pU2RLmr_sgagcAwusmp8hRfWNGONjWNGP3PEYeDvsmoB6ddF2dFoh-hBsZjPHGCesvKCNN2CWDRMotEyhZO7JCDK0abBEM72qVGg9jtA/s320/P1080318.JPG" width="320" />San Juan de la Pena, new monastery 1675, Spain</a></div>
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The new construction included the big boxy dormitory for the monks, church, and facilities now for conference buildings, as befit the huge and profitable institution that the church had become.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-6Q9kTd1-r1kMx1wWfRHo67lYYR5faujS_k_uc2keJLYd3Gi-KaN7G6FJ-RPUyXclnDuOkN6h9-1CKVgKxRhUfmLkt5dlOsKyhX6DbjfhCGD6rjBAgJWArcQKhlEqnOxFfh9QTA/s1600/P1080320.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-6Q9kTd1-r1kMx1wWfRHo67lYYR5faujS_k_uc2keJLYd3Gi-KaN7G6FJ-RPUyXclnDuOkN6h9-1CKVgKxRhUfmLkt5dlOsKyhX6DbjfhCGD6rjBAgJWArcQKhlEqnOxFfh9QTA/s320/P1080320.JPG" width="320" />San Juan de la Pena, new monastery grounds, Spain</a></div>
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This place is also very dull, but the comfort facilities are helpful.<br />
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Do that, and then go back down the mountain to the cliff version. To remind you of that spectacular and historic site, here is another view: get a glimpse of the cloister under there.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5i2xVgsLkgIyy5mXZEyCCKNjMcVjBTMiHyHVkZk-whhB4DNjZOmZCG0QsUeleuTDqgaQTiQ_VTlpEpS7gLFQPeLSqJae1P6rQIGBpXLFDoEEYDIysdM2W-lvdl47RiTxZhQJ1LQ/s1600/P1080329.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5i2xVgsLkgIyy5mXZEyCCKNjMcVjBTMiHyHVkZk-whhB4DNjZOmZCG0QsUeleuTDqgaQTiQ_VTlpEpS7gLFQPeLSqJae1P6rQIGBpXLFDoEEYDIysdM2W-lvdl47RiTxZhQJ1LQ/s320/P1080329.JPG" />Old San Juan de la Pena, monastery, Spain</a></div>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-13340432059739515422013-05-26T18:06:00.000-04:002013-07-12T10:57:59.584-04:00Castle Loarre, Queen's Chapel, Capitals, Church of San Pedro. Chapel of Santa Maria<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Castle Loarre, near the village of the same name, is on the tentative World Heritage list. Hope for fast processing, because this is a wonder of 11th Century original structures, never cannoned, never overtaken. It fell by the literal wayside once it was no longer needed for defense against the Moors, and after incorporating an Augustinian monastery within its walls was not profitable enough. See <a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5135/">http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5135/</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJcVnsWmZUL1MWdgljulEuzNCcvQC5VSi6yOtzZqVwqz9cnnZXSPgMU2sol6wUJhr201QExHjjoa_erToEJSz7GaxT2cg_ZnrM3G8zDoj4EwNegT7SgkondmHYRGzx_XCXdFufdg/s1600/P1080398.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJcVnsWmZUL1MWdgljulEuzNCcvQC5VSi6yOtzZqVwqz9cnnZXSPgMU2sol6wUJhr201QExHjjoa_erToEJSz7GaxT2cg_ZnrM3G8zDoj4EwNegT7SgkondmHYRGzx_XCXdFufdg/s320/P1080398.JPG" width="320" />Castle Loarre, Loarre, Spain</a></div>
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Given a choice between seeing Gothic or seeing Romanesque, I choose Romanesque every time. To me, Gothic is intimidating, a power play, the institution is in control and heretics be burned. Romanesque is tolerant. For a history of this fine castle and its Romanesque heritage, then tainted by Augustinians (say I), see this Aragon tourism site, <a href="http://www.turismodearagon.com/files/Loarre%20ingl%C3%A9sInd.PDF">http://www.turismodearagon.com/files/Loarre%20ingl%C3%A9sInd.PDF </a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKZ307nJQyeetemwIspzjnharfHyrQPiL-Zi2RwRCrpLovRK7NaZBqKa6GmUCiw5U9GRmlVp5Txe8KbPVnfPgU72Qg5Z9ghrAvqtSHiF1yLZEZt_ocI0ZZhNPrCFzExqAfBKehLQ/s1600/P1080399.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKZ307nJQyeetemwIspzjnharfHyrQPiL-Zi2RwRCrpLovRK7NaZBqKa6GmUCiw5U9GRmlVp5Txe8KbPVnfPgU72Qg5Z9ghrAvqtSHiF1yLZEZt_ocI0ZZhNPrCFzExqAfBKehLQ/s320/P1080399.JPG" width="320" />Castle Loarre, Access path, Spain</a></div>
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Is the interior of this religious space the Queen's Chapel, and is the larger structure the Church of San Pedro? Or is the Church of San Pedro a part that the monks had built when the castle incorporated a monastery? I will call all these Queen's Chapel, because it is smaller than I expect the monastery's church would be. Am trying to confirm. The chapel has also been called the Santa Maria Chapel, see the statue below. These distinctions blur as a tourist not speaking Spanish. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqqWXY31UNpqnPIkl7DgGoDYCBYKJJJLLirAEftnoFBPzu7SywoeNYNz9ODK4m3nbuTT3Fxejx4FpbEiaFxiadeb3LjniYS_om-uem5S2ESnhDkQxxf694g-uN_JLOkXDmjRd-tA/s1600/P1080403.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqqWXY31UNpqnPIkl7DgGoDYCBYKJJJLLirAEftnoFBPzu7SywoeNYNz9ODK4m3nbuTT3Fxejx4FpbEiaFxiadeb3LjniYS_om-uem5S2ESnhDkQxxf694g-uN_JLOkXDmjRd-tA/s320/P1080403.JPG" width="320" />Loarre Castle, Queen's Chapel, Spain; original alabaster window (thin, transparent stone); Romanesque capital with leaves, horsemen?</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib3oDdpYAzurYnTZTpfthCY-djeuSFi9xaG795Y8vEoQO_9pK_XZvTdE9xTlSBTVl_IF084K6Bi7lfN2FKZ7jla7etW9EgtN9T2n2T-XdISggoRtiFW6Ri-r-hd4KariE9iL7IFw/s1600/P1080402-001.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib3oDdpYAzurYnTZTpfthCY-djeuSFi9xaG795Y8vEoQO_9pK_XZvTdE9xTlSBTVl_IF084K6Bi7lfN2FKZ7jla7etW9EgtN9T2n2T-XdISggoRtiFW6Ri-r-hd4KariE9iL7IFw/s320/P1080402-001.JPG" width="320" />Loarre Castle, Queen's Chapel, Spain sunset window and capitals</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4keXRW_s6ZGUe69B_Hk-VppvLaREN1CFBfRckNJo5f3RkX3kBKtbqI_bmVoGz4YN2cy2zvAvUgcSml41wk9GJDkgH3bLC5sPbkQRtN6Krs7JC8VtTKQngkJZYjVHgAsOX_XUKUQ/s1600/P1080400.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4keXRW_s6ZGUe69B_Hk-VppvLaREN1CFBfRckNJo5f3RkX3kBKtbqI_bmVoGz4YN2cy2zvAvUgcSml41wk9GJDkgH3bLC5sPbkQRtN6Krs7JC8VtTKQngkJZYjVHgAsOX_XUKUQ/s320/P1080400.JPG" width="320" />Loarre Castle, Queen's Chapel, Spain; capital, rosette design, seated figures,</a></div>
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The rosette motif is ancient, with examples from Mesopotamia, see <a href="http://www.egyptorigins.org/rosettesx.htm">http://www.egyptorigins.org/rosettesx.htm</a>.</div>
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It came to mean, as it morphed into a rose, a symbol of secrecy -- sub rosa -- matters discussed under the rose (a carving above the council door, for example), were not to be revealed. See discussion of the rosette at <a href="http://www.germanyroadways.blogspot.com/search?q=Burg+Eltz#%21http://germanyroadways.blogspot.com/2005/01/castles-here-is-burg-eltz.html">Castle Burg Eltz in Germany</a>.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAdLKuOkG2uxpkX60v5i_59k8JOQKX6qnL8X-2D2j_7yUpDjaMe0jFx8N6y_sMZL4WoPkVJcoDReOrOAhdNXcK5a-niBUVUaMVJWNTcTTqgl6CD1jgXPshKQCVQFaZHOMrm_y1mA/s1600/P1080401.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAdLKuOkG2uxpkX60v5i_59k8JOQKX6qnL8X-2D2j_7yUpDjaMe0jFx8N6y_sMZL4WoPkVJcoDReOrOAhdNXcK5a-niBUVUaMVJWNTcTTqgl6CD1jgXPshKQCVQFaZHOMrm_y1mA/s320/P1080401.JPG" width="320" />Loarre Castle Church of San Pedro, capital, fish, river, reeds, hearts? Is that a papyrus? Is this Moses??</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdPeIhn0tSJgLKYsfAMHOffe9_iyV44qFhiqAkZUWAXrsaJYae60XtlVSMky1gzGhIQ7YIgtwieZvRqKC9y4bMNfDnb9dngLzCqNiQ7Uy6r1I97yVLhyMsiEkCphY4i7tLCv7gNQ/s1600/P1080404-001.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdPeIhn0tSJgLKYsfAMHOffe9_iyV44qFhiqAkZUWAXrsaJYae60XtlVSMky1gzGhIQ7YIgtwieZvRqKC9y4bMNfDnb9dngLzCqNiQ7Uy6r1I97yVLhyMsiEkCphY4i7tLCv7gNQ/s320/P1080404-001.JPG" width="320" />Loarre Castle, capital in Queen's Chapel, Daniel in lion's den?</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc7nWagFtUWaLSwEO-7FBrnYWdKIEItPmAPbpbZr-2IxlfjI1eDwT29pN2vbEiYE4CsUor4z-TmKeCq5vDmldVLM-vFSW85dpn1rMTLAFaymgQRnGrLRk7CYccm2m2Td_osUhuLA/s1600/P1080405.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc7nWagFtUWaLSwEO-7FBrnYWdKIEItPmAPbpbZr-2IxlfjI1eDwT29pN2vbEiYE4CsUor4z-TmKeCq5vDmldVLM-vFSW85dpn1rMTLAFaymgQRnGrLRk7CYccm2m2Td_osUhuLA/s320/P1080405.JPG" width="206" />Madonna and child, Loarre Castle sculpture, Queen's Chapel, Loarre Castle, Spain. </a></div>
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This may well be known also as the Santa Maria Chapel. The dark outline just appeared. I am not a photoshopper. Is this part of automatic fix?</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRzX4pHk6fSN3mqJ9LH8NYnyA2ifCG-NmIhXasMC0OLmrlCg2mUWkkN4y7lb4Hz25BK0IOGoIh5-vMLo_Ss3cFT_KMvQ2aNpHT0ibV8iERww4awTZnHtXLfkk1CvlSSiLcHM4_vA/s1600/P1080406.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRzX4pHk6fSN3mqJ9LH8NYnyA2ifCG-NmIhXasMC0OLmrlCg2mUWkkN4y7lb4Hz25BK0IOGoIh5-vMLo_Ss3cFT_KMvQ2aNpHT0ibV8iERww4awTZnHtXLfkk1CvlSSiLcHM4_vA/s320/P1080406.JPG" width="320" />Loarre Castle, Capital, Queen's Chapel, angel with wonderful wings</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiREoBSoW4wwu7PxuhLLjXnYs3_-fd3xy67Bbi_IlzqoRJgwFzgCIENsOvJSg8QSMPwPq9vMQ1xPdXGv3kMrPIS2IXSbjIx1BpkCSfVB7xBDCKbY7II3PPckG2aTfOd5GCFmbRHg/s1600/P1080407.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiREoBSoW4wwu7PxuhLLjXnYs3_-fd3xy67Bbi_IlzqoRJgwFzgCIENsOvJSg8QSMPwPq9vMQ1xPdXGv3kMrPIS2IXSbjIx1BpkCSfVB7xBDCKbY7II3PPckG2aTfOd5GCFmbRHg/s320/P1080407.JPG" width="320" />Queen's Chapel, Loarre Castle, Capital, Celtic-type basketweave capital, from Visigoth influence? Spain</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKMug74K6MEDLUtNunAM05A6gpff5zD7KGWwld_oTO46jgOocnojx3JyMbxhN7tho7tFbHOpcmBtrj4yFI2CVhs0LVgBJQsbd5xsWJTm4wlhI1sMyM1A9CH-2o4tdvL80cOT1B5g/s1600/P1080408.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKMug74K6MEDLUtNunAM05A6gpff5zD7KGWwld_oTO46jgOocnojx3JyMbxhN7tho7tFbHOpcmBtrj4yFI2CVhs0LVgBJQsbd5xsWJTm4wlhI1sMyM1A9CH-2o4tdvL80cOT1B5g/s320/P1080408.JPG" width="320" />Saint Luke with the Eagle? Loarre Castle, Queen's Chapel, Spain</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDrn0xyBuk4bvdN8AaQQxVCwmeG1K1LqRWebnShkll0xQmrC0JkvUbPeGdGal8oCEmqxRpXnXnq8RDwyDfZI-2a-i5XBXoBmlUzbP3lbXuLWLPXrX6Jb8eBhSr38v3DZ__AImgnQ/s1600/P1080409.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDrn0xyBuk4bvdN8AaQQxVCwmeG1K1LqRWebnShkll0xQmrC0JkvUbPeGdGal8oCEmqxRpXnXnq8RDwyDfZI-2a-i5XBXoBmlUzbP3lbXuLWLPXrX6Jb8eBhSr38v3DZ__AImgnQ/s320/P1080409.JPG" width="320" />Queen's Chapel, Loarre Castle, Spain. Uneasy lies the crowned head? Whose?</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFfW8-np4zsDaHBeycmVnQQ2N3Lkhn4pIUXhtXYh1VZNi40OMGw2B4hja19Giuk7b449j4m-LZ1D_-FLScbnPkysC4mB4M7xX0nRSNCj4rdPiefADqwEdIsuuZp6AKBMzVQ_Zu3w/s1600/P1080410.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="416" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFfW8-np4zsDaHBeycmVnQQ2N3Lkhn4pIUXhtXYh1VZNi40OMGw2B4hja19Giuk7b449j4m-LZ1D_-FLScbnPkysC4mB4M7xX0nRSNCj4rdPiefADqwEdIsuuZp6AKBMzVQ_Zu3w/s640/P1080410.JPG" width="640" />Loarre Castle, Queen's Chapel, scary tangle Capital, Spain</a></div>
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The best of Spain is the Pyrenees area.<br />
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-33811215675433904202013-05-26T12:55:00.002-04:002013-05-26T12:55:37.402-04:00Loarre Castle, Spain. Clifftop, 11th Century beginning<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Castles in Spain. Loarre, near Jaca. </b></div>
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Loarre is one of the best, a Crusader castle with elements that predate even that. It is a Romanesque treasure, measured by its excellent state of repair (dry, steady climate helps), its eyrie location, open accessibility for unguided explorers roaming and climbing about, and history with Moors and conquest, invasions, migrations across borders, and defenses against further incursion, then the Reconquest. One of the best. Castles in Spain can be every iota as gripping as the legends suggest, but few offer this hands-on experience. Go to Loarre. It is also on the tentative list for World Heritage sites, completed process by now? see <a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5135/">http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5135/</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWkzCxU11QmFytIB3hT4RUzj4dSnmdKC6vaI1mQskPi2SDAZGL5LCfcLJTD8pmqwMFksTp-98434NXUktpxmoZQLboBsNx3AvWi5i4xKB37CCHZpeoCtC7iIr3x4dRUDoQ0HIYGQ/s1600/DSCN5642.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWkzCxU11QmFytIB3hT4RUzj4dSnmdKC6vaI1mQskPi2SDAZGL5LCfcLJTD8pmqwMFksTp-98434NXUktpxmoZQLboBsNx3AvWi5i4xKB37CCHZpeoCtC7iIr3x4dRUDoQ0HIYGQ/s320/DSCN5642.JPG" width="320" />Loarre Castle, near Jaca, Spain. Distance view from flatland side.</a></div>
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The History Channel featured it in a series, <i>History vs Hollywood: The Kingdom of Heaven</i>, see video clip at <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMKWAQNKqZA">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMKWAQNKqZA.</a><br />
The clip points out the three levels of defenses, the oldest part as the inner tower with its secrets and luxury; the monastery that developed around it; and, finally the much later walls. Invasions. See <br />
<a href="http://www.spainisculture.com/en/monumentos/huesca/castillo_de_loarre.html">http://www.spainisculture.com/en/monumentos/huesca/castillo_de_loarre.html</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuCEpcPbA5XWReEadz3ih8mn9TaUPIo3rwiuanTC5Zgv-MNFSthoS5Yb6WcYO4KL8zZturjdiRFDJ4_RaHmcDDVkYQrwcLJFZk8VCUNF-S8naBoFVrHNbzMLR_ff5Cq4XDMZerYw/s1600/DSCN5638.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuCEpcPbA5XWReEadz3ih8mn9TaUPIo3rwiuanTC5Zgv-MNFSthoS5Yb6WcYO4KL8zZturjdiRFDJ4_RaHmcDDVkYQrwcLJFZk8VCUNF-S8naBoFVrHNbzMLR_ff5Cq4XDMZerYw/s320/DSCN5638.JPG" width="320" />Loarre Castle, Spain, distance view, castle emerging from the cliff rock. Also near Huesca. </a></div>
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Loarre Castle has several towers. The King's Tower, and the Queen's Tower. Which is which? A tunnel burrows beneath for escape to the mountain areas behind.</div>
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The oldest tower, free-standing. 1020-1030 or
so, would probably be the one known as The King's Tower. Have to check. The walls came centuries later. Note the half-open side of the
turret, a design that became common. A King would not always be inresidence. This was a kind of garrison for troops, mostly, I understand, with a Castellan in charge, until finally the Moors of nearby Huesca were defeated. It was then that the monastery was established -- no further use for a totally military structure..</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQCjie7uju4_ldV_RmRygMdqCIQ8xNosuEotAUj0_ANWaH1B4EW9JQNMTA3rWDgjKPhfvFmVG2PuHrDzBFY02GIGcAkCrcGNRbKw_lL8B0U0Y-XtbfKhX7tz3odhl1gLjilXl0qA/s1600/DSCN5644.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQCjie7uju4_ldV_RmRygMdqCIQ8xNosuEotAUj0_ANWaH1B4EW9JQNMTA3rWDgjKPhfvFmVG2PuHrDzBFY02GIGcAkCrcGNRbKw_lL8B0U0Y-XtbfKhX7tz3odhl1gLjilXl0qA/s320/DSCN5644.JPG" width="320" />Castellan's Tower, Loarre Castle, Spain</a></div>
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Is this the Queen's Tower? It is vastly restored. Small doors at ground level: difficult for a knight in full armor to enter; or anyone on horseback. Remove the armor, and become more vulnerable. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0ceAppdVm_Rzb2X__UpCSm2wt3hoFWfmo3ipFfAdTqRXg0jnZSQfZmm2fWCCtboLAI-XMtsupIxEkUR1seOvLhg8SsPyJKLTt5jj5J_q-bmlFYREOYFiX6BpOehLo0xE6VvykEw/s1600/DSCN5647.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0ceAppdVm_Rzb2X__UpCSm2wt3hoFWfmo3ipFfAdTqRXg0jnZSQfZmm2fWCCtboLAI-XMtsupIxEkUR1seOvLhg8SsPyJKLTt5jj5J_q-bmlFYREOYFiX6BpOehLo0xE6VvykEw/s320/DSCN5647.JPG" width="320" />Castillo de Loarre, Huesca Province, Spain. Monastery complex tower, Augustinian, 1064 or so.</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtGUl1l0vn28hxqIeUhwru5rGI2b-RHAaq0zSyyNrhW09eiv2hPz6ZY-D4DWu5vM7Mt_brCcZP8OJy2x_aypi_Pyin4zBF3OnFyxssUA6XhwqIW_vXTa6r0NsM8-oD1sX29oMYuw/s1600/DSCN5648.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtGUl1l0vn28hxqIeUhwru5rGI2b-RHAaq0zSyyNrhW09eiv2hPz6ZY-D4DWu5vM7Mt_brCcZP8OJy2x_aypi_Pyin4zBF3OnFyxssUA6XhwqIW_vXTa6r0NsM8-oD1sX29oMYuw/s320/DSCN5648.JPG" width="320" />Interior Courtyard, Loarre Castle, Spain</a></div>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-56497761955902952102013-05-25T19:55:00.000-04:002013-11-10T11:05:36.176-05:00Pilgrim Route. Santiago de Compostela. Camino de Santiago. Way of Saint James<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b> Camino Frances: Way of Saint James</b></div>
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<b>Santiago means "James"</b></div>
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<b>Santiago de Compostela </b></div>
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<b>500 miles, Biarritz, France; to Santiago de Compostela, Spain.</b></div>
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<b>Here, near Roncesvalles</b></div>
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1. Walk to Santiago de Compostela, as a pilgrim on your own terms. Start most anywhere in Europe. Some feel drawn to the grave of Saint James the Apostle. Is it really there? The conviction motivated innumerable medieval, and now motivates modern pilgrims, on routes to Santiago de Compostela in Spain, at the far Portugal end. See beliefs at <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/spain/santiago-apostle">http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/spain/santiago-apostle</a>/ Others start the walk for their own reasons, solitary, usually; some small groups. How to pace each walker? Easier to go alone?<br />
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2. Routes. The routes traditionally originate in many countries in Europe, ultimately funneling through France (especially at Avignon as another funnel point) and the Pyrenees, through passes at St. Sebastian, Saint Jean Pied du Port, to Roncesvalles and Pamplona, or through Huesca, Jaca, Lerida. See the routes at <a href="http://www.santiago-compostela.net/">http://www.santiago-compostela.net/ </a>The most well known may be the route Frances, from Biarritz, France (over the border from San Sebastian) to Santiago de Compostela, Spain, see<a href="http://www.santiago-compostela.net/frances/index_cf_en.html"> http://www.santiago-compostela.net/frances/index_cf_en.html</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz3nRi_G8wnfbUVqS1SvxJfSzUPFBG-fQJAp-gAVgD2b-cSmjb1R6NhWbODPSge0YKp1vFptYbJi5htqmXAmyfycDg5kmEmItQ00pYhLKVI8F_Fl93Hca3dbfdxg8lRWzO9nB4nA/s1600/P1080289.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz3nRi_G8wnfbUVqS1SvxJfSzUPFBG-fQJAp-gAVgD2b-cSmjb1R6NhWbODPSge0YKp1vFptYbJi5htqmXAmyfycDg5kmEmItQ00pYhLKVI8F_Fl93Hca3dbfdxg8lRWzO9nB4nA/s320/P1080289.JPG" width="214" />Pilgrim, Camino de Santiago, Way of Saint James, to Santiago de Compostela from Roncesvalles, Spain</a> <br />
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<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>My favorite pilgrim from far places for the Way of Saint James, a statue-memorial, is from Speyer, Germany. See the lean wayfarer, barefoot, with the traditional staff, the floppy hat, the scallop shell. Jakob Spilger at Speyer, at <a href="http://germanyroadways.blogspot.com/2005/01/heidelburg-and-speyer-and-pilgrim-on.html">http://germanyroadways.blogspot.com/2005/01/heidelburg-and-speyer-and-pilgrim-on.html.</a></li>
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FN 1<br />
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3. Who are the modern pilgrims. Who takes the long, long walk now? It is hundreds of miles to Santiago de Compostela from most starting points. They have their own reasons: self-discovery, self-sorting, as well as religious, for the long, long walk. Regardless of reason, the routes offer places to stay and wash along the way, and sustenance, and reasonably good signs for where to cross the road -- fast -- to get to the safer other side for a while. The leg work, however, is the pilgrim's alone.<br />
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4. Back packs are not necessary. Use a pull-cart, as in NY from the supermarket. Those who cannot bear the backpack burden can always use the drag-cart. It does not matter.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUlgGUqskBwvfGh_g3JGha89fqfTbnL97zDi-NZhbu9jvApYLuy-M8AalXHDKw9cZgO0LKmVJqs-dPPe_lhDvIGoaQINodhtovqNfD7dXF423TWjhGWB9DrwAhsYOoIqcNL0DA4g/s1600/P1080295.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUlgGUqskBwvfGh_g3JGha89fqfTbnL97zDi-NZhbu9jvApYLuy-M8AalXHDKw9cZgO0LKmVJqs-dPPe_lhDvIGoaQINodhtovqNfD7dXF423TWjhGWB9DrwAhsYOoIqcNL0DA4g/s320/P1080295.JPG" width="136" />Pilgrim, To Santiago de Compostela, Spain, from near Roncesvalles..</a><br />
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Pilgrim with pull-cart. Yes. How you get to Santiago de Compostela does not matter. The motivation to get there, make a change somewhere in your life, self-insight and/or a religious goal, do matter. To whom? Only tothe walker. And that is all that matters. .Take your own time. There are no clocks, only distance, and the feet.<br />
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5. Time commitment. An ordinary person's walk from Pamplona to Santiago to Compostela can take, say six months afoot. Some divide it into segments, as did a friend of mind, taking three months at a time. I long to go. Do, or can, we just jettison the banal and do it and for reasons important to us but not others? Need we justify? Do I count? Does the I in I count, or am I a facilitator for others in this life. Start walking, kiddo.<br />
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These pilgrim photographs are from near Roncesvalles, and some as we move toward Barcelona, crossing other routes coming from the south.<br />
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6. Identifiers. Pilgrims near St. Jean Pied du Port. On the way, note the Basque traditional structures, the red and white favored scheme. The identification is unique: a staff, a floppy hat, a scallop shell somewhere.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihAkM-3e3-zWbYL6yC5sv8WQwH3uBBXRhz9RjUsMbhds380xg6Df1n_S8lzn_SAGK720HYRxBu9B7Bd-Q2iTl1EdNB03skmrmwCi7tC0iqZsLLYN-i2B1OuU7DC3nDXnFj4LZWQQ/s1600/P1080216.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="245" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihAkM-3e3-zWbYL6yC5sv8WQwH3uBBXRhz9RjUsMbhds380xg6Df1n_S8lzn_SAGK720HYRxBu9B7Bd-Q2iTl1EdNB03skmrmwCi7tC0iqZsLLYN-i2B1OuU7DC3nDXnFj4LZWQQ/s320/P1080216.JPG" width="320" />cc</a></div>
And the walker goes on.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLQle8KBEFlvEr_lc5kAqZLvBN6JZLW4ZVDiS_JRE8RGJNjsbGqnzkVfUoViNgw0cuzwwgOfs2x-NZdlWHI7wxlYr16VdMDKU0-FON4m2B3D19s3yUW3UgL7fQpx_OvrOKOmBi9A/s1600/P1080290.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLQle8KBEFlvEr_lc5kAqZLvBN6JZLW4ZVDiS_JRE8RGJNjsbGqnzkVfUoViNgw0cuzwwgOfs2x-NZdlWHI7wxlYr16VdMDKU0-FON4m2B3D19s3yUW3UgL7fQpx_OvrOKOmBi9A/s320/P1080290.JPG" width="214" />Pilgrim making progress; to Santiago de Compostela from Roncesvalles.</a></div>
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Some monument-like sculptures mark the way, an honor seen here, toward Jaca. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqy4_URxZjmMbE6Tdv_y35LhWUtBcz6EO2flsTOy0KWO-NUtUbf4lSdAYQn8jzM3pCH_0Wex-yXTG-mKnPPMa5esYHF-kiS3LHSQsU0F7DNfpcsbLR_qpi-_mbrnXBiMKdZ-ATOw/s1600/P1080304.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqy4_URxZjmMbE6Tdv_y35LhWUtBcz6EO2flsTOy0KWO-NUtUbf4lSdAYQn8jzM3pCH_0Wex-yXTG-mKnPPMa5esYHF-kiS3LHSQsU0F7DNfpcsbLR_qpi-_mbrnXBiMKdZ-ATOw/s320/P1080304.JPG" width="259" />Marker, Saint James Way, Santiago de Compostela pilgrim route, near Jaca</a></div>
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.From here, some 760 km to Santiago de Compostela.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO8wpiv25V31C2JjMH4-wFAbMnvNxDoxnTnMoisMYc2ZVykgP376qBOLf8RGaCDawv8pn4zjbAyKP9kDzrSCSmoojQI_lXnkca5ciusMGTMoN8rQEESoeLQot19pTZ7fpPnvIxlA/s1600/P1080292.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO8wpiv25V31C2JjMH4-wFAbMnvNxDoxnTnMoisMYc2ZVykgP376qBOLf8RGaCDawv8pn4zjbAyKP9kDzrSCSmoojQI_lXnkca5ciusMGTMoN8rQEESoeLQot19pTZ7fpPnvIxlA/s640/P1080292.JPG" width="640" />Saint James' Way.: Between Roncesvalles and Jaca, 760 km to Santiago de Compostela</a></div>
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.The cows don't even look up.<br />
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Follow the scallop shell down the sidewalks, down the roadsides, other signs for where to cross over to a safer place where there is a curve in the road.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy8-0CEtY_s-cLl1sKW_2Zjb5QsVcaFPGd_FQG-zmzN98OU79tZpT7gc_Tvzob3-GmAOhx_k5zKEE3qb9iaWMqeNjqoajJwvuz1F5fFSQ4S0VkcPmtpWKXRZq77YCh6yZj1hNrEQ/s1600/P1080220.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy8-0CEtY_s-cLl1sKW_2Zjb5QsVcaFPGd_FQG-zmzN98OU79tZpT7gc_Tvzob3-GmAOhx_k5zKEE3qb9iaWMqeNjqoajJwvuz1F5fFSQ4S0VkcPmtpWKXRZq77YCh6yZj1hNrEQ/s320/P1080220.JPG" width="320" />Scallop marker, Way of St. James, to Santiago de Compostela, near Roncesvalles, toward Jaca, Spain.</a></div>
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FN 1<br />
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<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Disaster alert. Will that
reference to my own work, to <i>Germany Road Ways</i>, one of our other <a href="http://www.europeroadways.com/">Europe Road Ways</a> travel
blogs, stimulate a random Google to delete my entire blog? Not likely, with one; but more references, even to oneself, may earn a spam designation and the blog disappears. Is private industry more troublesome to autonomy than government? Private industry can do as it likes with speech, because speech is not protected, not "free" in that setting. </li>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-74056174596428333842013-05-25T18:45:00.003-04:002013-07-08T15:20:09.006-04:00Jaca - Citadel, Castillo de San Pedro, Ciudadella<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Castillo de San Pedro at Jaca. Citadel. A place for military consolidation, housing, a fortress. This area has been in the way of invasions, refugees fleeing, armies from the now-French side of the Pyrenees and Moors from the Spanish side, and turmoil during the Spanish Civil War of the 20th Century. Spain not participate in WWII. It had its own war at home.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMphvrygwTv7ecJTjvbt5oUxD5adoaMurzvONkA3_qfmAiaWsVMRX-Xk4hv7EccEuK2LR1fnsKekRU1S_52N-itonAMyo_QnwlGjTXFhReJeiNh9zXpnqHIq-HAOsqOH29C7E5fw/s1600/DSCN5624.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMphvrygwTv7ecJTjvbt5oUxD5adoaMurzvONkA3_qfmAiaWsVMRX-Xk4hv7EccEuK2LR1fnsKekRU1S_52N-itonAMyo_QnwlGjTXFhReJeiNh9zXpnqHIq-HAOsqOH29C7E5fw/s320/DSCN5624.JPG" width="320" />Citadel, Castillo de San Pedro, Jaca, Spain</a></div>
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<b>Area history, Aragon, adjacent to Catalonia, and with its own culture'</b></div>
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<b> Chronology, role of Aragon in areas of Spain invaded, colonized, fought</b></div>
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<b>Chronology of Invasions, Spain </b></div>
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BC. "Iberians" settle in what is now Spain. Some connect this group with a lost tribe of Israel, Heber, etc. Do a search and speculate. Some DNA appears to support middle eastern roots, and extending with expansions into Hibernia, or Ireland now. Interesting hobby research.<br />
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1000 BC. Celts migrate/invade; intermarry with Iberians. Then Greeks and Carthaginians colonized coasts and islands<br />
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3d Century BC. Rome took over from Greeks and Carthaginians <br />
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5th century. Roman Empire falls. Vandals take over. <br />
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420. Visigoths invade, oust the Vandals, establish monarchy, return allegiance to Rome. Hispano-Romans result? <br />
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438. <i>Suevi</i> invade. Who? We usually just hear of Franks (Charlemagne) and Visigoths. See this Germanic group and its place in history at <a href="http://www.academia.edu/1523816/Identity_and_Interaction_the_Suevi_and_the_Hispano-Romans">http://www.academia.edu/1523816/Identity_and_Interaction_the_Suevi_and_the_Hispano-Romans,</a><br />
paper by Jorge C. Arias 2007, Univ. of VA<br />
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711. Muslims invade.<br />
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718. Within some seven years, Muslims were victorious across most of Spain, with only part of the north of Spain still unconquered. Blitzkrieg.<br />
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Jaca -- eclipsed, little reported<br />
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11th Century: Jaca again becomes recognized as a city, and became the residence place for the monarchs, thanks to King Sancho IV, see <a href="http://jaca.costasur.com/en/historia.html">http://jaca.costasur.com/en/historia.html</a> Question: If this area was still Muslim, how so??<br />
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1137. Aragon and Catalonia unite to lead the Reconquest of Spain, to oust the Muslims. Aragon then included Mallorca and Sicily. <br />
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1469. Ferdinand of Aragon marries Isabella of Castile (think Columbus 1492) and a united Spain results.<br />
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The equivalent of a Facebook page would be the old heraldry, family feats, connections, great deeds, symbolized in great crests. None of the quadrants here, however, look like the commercial family crest sites for the surname Jaca, in other forms Jacobs, Jacobo, Jacome recalling an affinity for Jacob and perhaps the old story of migrations from the Holy Land, Eber, Heber, Iberia, Hibernia, although inexplicably the site identifies <i>Flanders</i> as place of origin. What? See <a href="http://www.houseofnames.com/jaca-coat-of-arms">http://www.houseofnames.com/jaca-coat-of-arms</a>. </div>
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That site laid out the basic outline of the chronology here. Are both then unreliable?</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilMVXoNcevV2eGB-ywxhE-8IXnnq-t8Mi9HFtHLovTCC2x-evDU5j2X5bnxq5c-i_KF9l4T0g_Z9EADt41SYX2eLU2pitmDN73RNijnZzP45QOBmpgIJynMZSZUfoFJEo8KMrRWA/s1600/DSCN5626.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilMVXoNcevV2eGB-ywxhE-8IXnnq-t8Mi9HFtHLovTCC2x-evDU5j2X5bnxq5c-i_KF9l4T0g_Z9EADt41SYX2eLU2pitmDN73RNijnZzP45QOBmpgIJynMZSZUfoFJEo8KMrRWA/s320/DSCN5626.JPG" width="320" />Composite Coat of Arms, Jaca, Spain. Castillo de San Pedro</a></div>
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Enthusiasts would divide the coat of arms into quadrants, find what each, even as subdivided further, means. We missed the hours to visit the Museum of Military Miniatures there, see <a href="http://www.aspejacetania.com/museos.php?idio=en&Id=131">http://www.aspejacetania.com/museos.php?idio=en&Id=131</a>. You go.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXE7OeMmI7KWQwhDSbWgfKmQlllRFPsEwcF4kXnw6wy0aNPAS88xk_c6-AW2O9mvZz13A43-tlPZF1fdVAu9RATcRFj0x8lgXqq8fnpTUuEuavIPx9W7f6MNeVdFJj0BBvom2TLQ/s1600/DSCN5627.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXE7OeMmI7KWQwhDSbWgfKmQlllRFPsEwcF4kXnw6wy0aNPAS88xk_c6-AW2O9mvZz13A43-tlPZF1fdVAu9RATcRFj0x8lgXqq8fnpTUuEuavIPx9W7f6MNeVdFJj0BBvom2TLQ/s320/DSCN5627.JPG" width="320" />Plaque, La Ciudadela, Castillo de San Pedrol Jaca, Spain</a></div>
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Cozy family-run hotel in Jaca, Hotel Nieu. One star. Fear not. </div>
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One star only refers to amenities, and this is a five star for clean, friendly, welcoming. It was an easy walk back to the Cathedral of Jaca. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj0SwBhZcDXsdqRS4w5uOpnDA5Mp2l27Htr9YIyT_XctnZ-e-yCDxMrajl7zL1rIMwdAwszosoK9FYOMvzBQKOwyxX6MZhQVzgmeoL3gHijDIJ1FKfR8FBEHOdMEPe68FEc_69Uw/s1600/P1080360.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj0SwBhZcDXsdqRS4w5uOpnDA5Mp2l27Htr9YIyT_XctnZ-e-yCDxMrajl7zL1rIMwdAwszosoK9FYOMvzBQKOwyxX6MZhQVzgmeoL3gHijDIJ1FKfR8FBEHOdMEPe68FEc_69Uw/s320/P1080360.JPG" width="320" />Hotel Nieu, Jaca, Spain. Family-run, spotless, friendly, good food. </a></div>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10267680.post-1207184276164131032013-05-25T16:38:00.000-04:002013-09-27T20:28:29.976-04:00Jaca - Cathedral of Jaca, Cathedral of St. Peter the Apostle. Romanesque<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Jaca was founded by the Romans, 2d Century AD. In the 8th Century, Moors took over. Then later, in 795, Jaca beat back the Moors thanks to brave Women of Jaca -- see <a href="http://www.roughguides.com/destinations/europe/spain/aragon/the-aragonese-pyrenees/jaca/">http://www.roughguides.com/destinations/europe/spain/aragon/the-aragonese-pyrenees/jaca/</a> Other sides dilute that to "brave men and women" -- others keep it at women.<br />
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The women fought like men. See Google book <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=EV1EAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA525&lpg=PA525&dq=women+of+Jaca+defeat+moors&source=bl&ots=PxhSAYETuK&sig=zqiwph1Yuu4EilDB-IRv2Gd5zJ8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=siDbUYmhJa-y0QHR4YHQDQ&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=women%20of%20Jaca%20defeat%20moors&f=false">O'Shea's Guide to Spain and Portugal.</a> On May 1 of each year, the event is a festival with women reenacting the fight .In Barcelona, the women who battled with such valor were knighted, yes, knighted, and the <i>Order of the Hatchet</i> was established for such warrior women, see <a href="http://www.heraldica.org/topics/orders/wom-kn.htm">http://www.heraldica.org/topics/orders/wom-kn.htm</a>/ Later, it became unacceptable for women to be seen as warriors, and the authorization was withdrawn. <i>Order of the Hatchet</i>. Women Knights. In Italy, this Order of militant women was known as the <i>Order of the Glorious Saint Mary</i>, see site. This Order was approved by Pope Alexander IV in 1261. <br />
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<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Traveling independently in various countries leads to tentative associations, all to be vetted and corrected by experts. Nonetheless, this representation of a militant woman, at the Templar village of La Couvertoirade, France, even as obviously a later work andnot a medieval contemporary, looks like it might fit a militant order of women. Did the Order fo the Glorious Saint Mary merely morph into a hospitaller sidekick, Order of St. Mary in Jerusalem? Experts, to your research:</li>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnMfwezNkf_7bqvf2xYA7FGucw_c90RUcGjLsSZYSumNoaab0F1YQVG5wwDBrF0S37LW3TmbJD6UknwtVndMf1Ct0EhWZiYNZI_GGhNxmJEd47VhDKVq_8X-JpXtId94nzHyONiQ/s1600/DSCN5537.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnMfwezNkf_7bqvf2xYA7FGucw_c90RUcGjLsSZYSumNoaab0F1YQVG5wwDBrF0S37LW3TmbJD6UknwtVndMf1Ct0EhWZiYNZI_GGhNxmJEd47VhDKVq_8X-JpXtId94nzHyONiQ/s320/DSCN5537.JPG" width="222" />A Militant Mary, or something else? La Couvertoirade, Church, France.</a></div>
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Jaca is near the Somport Pass, was the first main town that Pilgrims found after crossing the Pyrenees on the Way of Saint James, aiming eventually for Santiago de Compostela, Spain. The route through Aragon is breathtaking, see tourist video, <a href="http://www.aragon.es/estaticos/ImportFiles/05/docs/Areas/Turismo/PublicacionesTurismo/AragonProductosDestinosTresProvincias/CAMINO_SANTIAGO_INGLES.pdf">Camino Santiago</a>, There are many routes in Europe that converge at Santiago de Compostela. Jaca is the most easterly town in Spain on the route.<br />
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World Heritage site: The Jaca Cathedral.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvXkNa_Q03FQWaxrLNVeCwYYY39fGIMkm8e3i7pPxkhne6Uswl1dap3ARN-0_6gBiGai1ABF5pF8yaUhbgok7jU3dfF6KwlURRHTknmPMYeVReDJiw27I7p6bMMDLrScXl3Vtzyg/s1600/P1080351.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvXkNa_Q03FQWaxrLNVeCwYYY39fGIMkm8e3i7pPxkhne6Uswl1dap3ARN-0_6gBiGai1ABF5pF8yaUhbgok7jU3dfF6KwlURRHTknmPMYeVReDJiw27I7p6bMMDLrScXl3Vtzyg/s320/P1080351.JPG" width="214" />Jaca Cathedral, Jaca, Spain. Night view.</a></div>
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Arrive late in the town where you plan to spend the night. Instead of
2-3 hours in a cafe watching the people in the earlier 5PM town, see go
to the next town, and arrive for the night at 7:30 at the one after
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Pub food is usually excellent anywhere. Here, near the Cathedral, the worker's combination platter was 4 slices of pork and chicken (both), tomato and lettuce, fries, fried eggs, and a croquette -- a fried mashed potato croquette. Tasty. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh56bszf_uMC28FzAKJ2Dg2d_IaEEBOSOu6DcD8V1ea1B1EBvnYYI3YklMeE8DYawNBStjFuNlYVj-mJgFyjo3l3s76Wu0lhaBgRYswY4PJnX3NFpDRzG88uADmcFsqt8lirqkIdQ/s1600/P1080332.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh56bszf_uMC28FzAKJ2Dg2d_IaEEBOSOu6DcD8V1ea1B1EBvnYYI3YklMeE8DYawNBStjFuNlYVj-mJgFyjo3l3s76Wu0lhaBgRYswY4PJnX3NFpDRzG88uADmcFsqt8lirqkIdQ/s320/P1080332.JPG" width="320" />Pub near Jaca Cathedral, Jaca Spain</a></div>
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This is an 11th Century building, when Jaca was the capital of Aragon. With the establishment of an episcopal (meaning bishop) see (meaning seat), a cathedral was required. Renovations and add-ons in the 15th-18th Centuries clearly look added on. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuraq11FbYo5sKOgYJ76Ew12WHpmkwlw3oY4XSe5V7F4D0BCGGuKGJeffo3m_857tBRHbYBOFfdlUi6iSKhjFaaZ3ZIHjXUc-6rsl9S9nq3vaByo4U-hPYGBfscmfssxWxgREU6A/s1600/P1080334.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuraq11FbYo5sKOgYJ76Ew12WHpmkwlw3oY4XSe5V7F4D0BCGGuKGJeffo3m_857tBRHbYBOFfdlUi6iSKhjFaaZ3ZIHjXUc-6rsl9S9nq3vaByo4U-hPYGBfscmfssxWxgREU6A/s320/P1080334.JPG" width="214" />Cathedral at Jaca, side entrance loggia or open room</a></div>
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The older sections show original alabaster windows, sheer thin sheets of stone. Note the ongoing need for fortifications, the high windows.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaYyurE0wnyflRoEp0rxZAYPBUE7husbmokkter2nPUUcFjIg8TXsNwTEFzdF7gBo5J_YnvUpHKfEQ3w4uE_r4d5ThhQjVcwzIpS1tOP15GEIj6D_H-ZvDcfQoW92bBnUHZNGobg/s1600/P1080338.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaYyurE0wnyflRoEp0rxZAYPBUE7husbmokkter2nPUUcFjIg8TXsNwTEFzdF7gBo5J_YnvUpHKfEQ3w4uE_r4d5ThhQjVcwzIpS1tOP15GEIj6D_H-ZvDcfQoW92bBnUHZNGobg/s320/P1080338.JPG" width="320" />qq</a></div>
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Am trying to find this circular coat of arms/ There is dome-shaped head wear, helmet or clerical? crossed keys (?) two animals in the unusual position of feet flat to sides of the coat of arms .<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX-SNkMAFaImnCeaIWVTps5JZi07DjlHz1SLqizU4j_NUGRlWLkWpQh36wcEijOF-3C2PRw6xFoKwons7oR83pwnydkoffmZY19qgoW_JAG5kFPV0X6l4MZBkAJTiMYmiNXwR5qA/s1600/P1080340.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX-SNkMAFaImnCeaIWVTps5JZi07DjlHz1SLqizU4j_NUGRlWLkWpQh36wcEijOF-3C2PRw6xFoKwons7oR83pwnydkoffmZY19qgoW_JAG5kFPV0X6l4MZBkAJTiMYmiNXwR5qA/s320/P1080340.JPG" width="320" />Catedral de San Pedro Apostal, Jaca, Spain. Coat of arms, doorway</a>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3rzZRThVsFyA871qslY4AnDJjWx5rmf86t7djAGdnCTlb3dI6vmsjUCV9nJRZKj5JErX0LFRtwnUyW2fRnsXTkKZHkwcJlyFJd-RMmkKyjFKMIb8PGc6fZqz0b_HLOHTRwjgX3Q/s1600/P1080343.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3rzZRThVsFyA871qslY4AnDJjWx5rmf86t7djAGdnCTlb3dI6vmsjUCV9nJRZKj5JErX0LFRtwnUyW2fRnsXTkKZHkwcJlyFJd-RMmkKyjFKMIb8PGc6fZqz0b_HLOHTRwjgX3Q/s320/P1080343.JPG" width="214" />Jaca Cathedral, interior columns showing differing styles</a></div>
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I understand that the simpler forms are earlier, the fancier ones reflecting Renaissance influence in renovations.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoq0D3N2ETjdreTYbYsTfaEqDtUi4DO7il7z0QsKJw_XCFSuuNzWPdhQyKKbZCmhh1eLDYDIVA4Ml7WY7WWJeDBO9LptNohONFySfdT5LY5SyJtJiNcqKd_yyPfTmhWKMcRkPSNg/s1600/P1080348.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoq0D3N2ETjdreTYbYsTfaEqDtUi4DO7il7z0QsKJw_XCFSuuNzWPdhQyKKbZCmhh1eLDYDIVA4Ml7WY7WWJeDBO9LptNohONFySfdT5LY5SyJtJiNcqKd_yyPfTmhWKMcRkPSNg/s320/P1080348.JPG" width="214" />Small capital, Romanesque, St. Peter the Apostle, Cathedral, Jaca</a></div>
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Come back the next morning for better light. Here, the interior puts the capitals in context<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXIsstizInyG2y-YtUI0QfFTGgpLlGJI9uJ6-ReVux9fqOIScvv5df35sJlYvGUXbu620TnQgZq2zeZsLiDwQ2ZePvJGP9GmWVvS3nSQ5UzdsDQAkol8JYEZWe9zPz7ZIGvYPJcA/s1600/P1080354.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXIsstizInyG2y-YtUI0QfFTGgpLlGJI9uJ6-ReVux9fqOIScvv5df35sJlYvGUXbu620TnQgZq2zeZsLiDwQ2ZePvJGP9GmWVvS3nSQ5UzdsDQAkol8JYEZWe9zPz7ZIGvYPJcA/s320/P1080354.JPG" width="320" />Interior, Cathedral at Jaca, Jaca, Spain</a></div>
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And the, the Renaissance fancies take over.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiLZhg8b1PZr8NhIpH6HquArnSEVdQAGrDlxsLDqqGmsYsDW5l9DvyyV0V9ULobWZ-xSJFISqYvpz4tb1NU3EJhZ9yU8uFzpU_CvpNs3y_dqLzduhcPSuyAVuAuPnNUxkxaa5FWA/s1600/P1080368.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiLZhg8b1PZr8NhIpH6HquArnSEVdQAGrDlxsLDqqGmsYsDW5l9DvyyV0V9ULobWZ-xSJFISqYvpz4tb1NU3EJhZ9yU8uFzpU_CvpNs3y_dqLzduhcPSuyAVuAuPnNUxkxaa5FWA/s320/P1080368.JPG" width="214" />Renaissance renovations, Cathedral at Jaca, Jaca, Spain</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivBUO70_wchjKmOzJ7rDf-3v6sYWcEwz2LFmZ8J472Rufp7jGVVGyesS9KMzvmUOeH6lpiBygtD_MknKiH7n74lDWJ3c1nYRRzij_GzkXccKIcVdsWLmu9RAAYXpGA9ry4BQ5IiQ/s1600/P1080374.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivBUO70_wchjKmOzJ7rDf-3v6sYWcEwz2LFmZ8J472Rufp7jGVVGyesS9KMzvmUOeH6lpiBygtD_MknKiH7n74lDWJ3c1nYRRzij_GzkXccKIcVdsWLmu9RAAYXpGA9ry4BQ5IiQ/s320/P1080374.JPG" width="214" />Belfry, Jaca, Spain. Not the Cathedral. What?</a></div>
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What is this very old wall , belfy, building (new stucco). I recall it being of an age with the Cathedral, need to find notes.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij55iFQ3rS40H4CTxcaZyvOAZUNmWxC8yahVm6nrKV5VFTYSX6RXPhIBzgNmRZBVX3JqUI2TSE-7GqKlDFTN6x2_HrOGChxN2BB1PLJM74-0JrBRd2Vn2uE6k99mt-q_RgnVbsSw/s1600/P1080377.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij55iFQ3rS40H4CTxcaZyvOAZUNmWxC8yahVm6nrKV5VFTYSX6RXPhIBzgNmRZBVX3JqUI2TSE-7GqKlDFTN6x2_HrOGChxN2BB1PLJM74-0JrBRd2Vn2uE6k99mt-q_RgnVbsSw/s320/P1080377.JPG" width="214" />Building contemporary with Cathedral? Wall-spotting, Jaca, Spain. </a></div>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0